نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تهران
2 دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
3 دانشگاه مالک اشتر
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Governance is a term that, due to its breadth and conceptual changes, does not yet have a precise and clear definition, but in general it can be considered as the ability to govern a society through effective interaction with other sectors. In order for the governing body of a public organization to be able to play its roles well in this field, it must have the capabilities to do its job and institutionalize these capabilities in the organization.
Considering the importance of good governance in today's complex societies and its high impact on the results and outputs of the organization, having a level of governance that is capable of performing its role correctly is very important. The governance level must be able to determine the organization's goals, vision, and direction, guide its subordinates to achieve the set goals, and finally, make the necessary reforms with timely evaluations of the set goals and actors' behavior. Suppose the governance level does not have the necessary capabilities in these fields and cannot play its role properly, eventually, along with the dissatisfaction of the subgroup. In that case, program failures and failure to achieve the goals will occur.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the required governance capabilities and classify them. In this regard, library studies, questionnaires, and interviews with experts were used to collect data, and then by qualitative content analysis, key capabilities for effective governance. The experts who were interviewed included ten experienced researchers and managers in the field of organization and management in one of Iran's government organizations. The time domain of this research is related to the years 2020 to 2022 and its geographical domain is one of the ministries of Iran.
Among the various methods that exist for qualitative interviews, due to the nature of the subject and the need to receive exploratory information and prevent research bias, the semi-structured interview method was used for the interview mechanism and design of questions. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The method of reaching theoretical saturation was that in the process of analyzing the interviews, instead of analyzing the interviews at once, the researchers did it gradually and after each interview, they did the complete process of coding and thematic analysis. Theme analysis in this research was done using the Brown and Clark method in three steps, which include analyzing the texts of the interviews and coding them, forming a network of themes, and extracting categories.
In general, it can be concluded that the governance level in government organizations in order to to be able to handle this heavy task, must have diverse capabilities. Some of these capabilities are in terms of ethics, some are in terms of systemic understanding and paying attention to complexities, and some are in terms of the leadership skills of the subgroup. The governance team of a government organization must have all these capabilities in order to apply effective governance.
Governance ethics consists of capabilities that show the key characteristics of governance people. These key characteristics, which were determined and completed by literature review and interviews, include commitment and determination, openness and critical spirit, honesty, and accountability. Organizational arrangements should be organized so that these capabilities become routine behavior in the organization and the possibility of violating them is reduced.
The rationality of governance consists of capabilities that are somehow related to managers' attention to the systemic dimensions of the organization and knowledge resulting from human experience. If these capabilities are not taken into account, the system will suffer and will be doomed to failure in the long run. The subcategories of this category are topics such as foresight, holistic, attention to complexities, and creativity.
Skilled governance behavior also consists of capabilities that refer to the leadership and directing skills of the subordinates to achieve goals and create the context for them. Therefore, it includes the subcategories of organizing and leadership, policy-making, culture creation, opportunity creation, and facilitation.
So each of these categories has four dimensions, which finally identified the required capabilities for each of these dimensions and a total of 59 minor capabilities had been introduced.
This research has identified the capabilities of governance from the level of the main dimensions to the smallest issues, i.e. routine behaviors, which has not been done in any research so far.
The results of this study, in addition to adding appropriate insight to the governance capabilities literature, also suggest appropriate policy solutions for policymakers and managers to develop governance capabilities in the organization.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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