واکاوی جهانی‌سازی در نظام آموزش‌عالی ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 علوم تربیتی/ دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی/ دانشگاه اصفهان

2 گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه اصفهان

3 گروه برنامه درسی و آموزش، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف صورت­بندی مفهوم جهانی­سازی و تحلیل وضعیت نظام آموزش­عالی برای مواجهه­ با آن انجام شد. با تنویر مفهوم جهانی­سازی و شناخت لایه­های بنیادین آن می­توان نگاه عمیق­تری به چگونگی پدیداری آن در نظام آموزش­عالی ایران داشت و به چشم­اندازی بهتر، برای آینده نائل آمد. رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش کیفی و مبتنی بر پدیدارشناسی بود. انتخاب نمونه­ به شیوه هدفمند انجام شد. ملاک انتخاب افراد مشارکت کننده: اشتهار موضوعی در مجامع علمی و در سطوح ملی و بین­المللی، عضو هیأت­علمی بودن و دارا بودن حداقل یک اثر مکتوب در زمینه جهانی­شدن یا جهانی­سازی بود؛ بر این اساس با 19 نفر از متخصصان، مصاحبه نیمه­ساختاریافته انجام شد. تعداد نمونه بر اساس اشباع نظری بود. متن تمامی مصاحبه­ها مورد تحلیل اولیه قرار گرفت، مصاحبه­هایی که در ذیل باور «جهانی­سازی با تمرکز بر تهدیدات» قرار داشت با استفاده از روش تحلیل لایه­ای علّی ساخت­شکنی شد. یافته­های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از نگاه این متخصصان، بروز جهانی­سازی در نظام­های آموزش­عالی ایران در لایه مسأله عینی، افزایش بیکاری و مهاجرت چشمگیر تحصیل­کرده­ها، افزایش تعداد مقاله­ها بدون توجه به مسائل بومی/ در لایه علل اجتماعی، همراهی و الگوگیری ناآگاهانه از نظام­ها و روندهای جهانی، اتخاذ شاخص­های علمی غیربومی/ در لایه گفتمان، تربیت دانشجویانی با تفکرات غربی و القای فرایندهای جهانی در دانشگاه که در لایه استعاره به نتیجه عدم­توانایی در ساخت یک ستون از عمارت عظیم جهانی­سازی می­رسد. سپس چهار سناریو برای آموزش­عالی ایران ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Globalization in the Higher Education System of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Shirzad 1
  • Saeed Rajaieepour 2
  • Behrooz Mahram 3
1 Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan
2 Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan
3 curriculum and education of ferdowsi university of mashhad
چکیده [English]

This study aims to formulate the concept of globalization and analyze how higher education system in Iran faces the phenomenon. Understanding the concept of globalization and its underlying layers may provide for a deeper insight into how this phenomenon has emerged in higher education system in Iran. A phenomenological, qualitative approach was followed. A sample of experts’ was selected using a purposive sampling way. Inclusion criteria were expertise in higher education, being a faculty member and, at least, one written scientific work in the field of globalization. Semi-structured interviews with nineteen experts ensured the theoretical saturation. The text of all the interviews was analysed first, and the interviews, which were based on the belief that "threat-focused globalization," were deconstructed using the causal layer analysis method. At litany layer, it is reflected in increasing unemployment rate, massive immigration of graduates, and the growing number of academic, published articles failing to address the indigenous issues or applications. System causes mainly includes conforming and emulating global systems and trends and adopting global scientometrics indicators to evaluate scholarly performance of entities. At discourse layer, globalization is manifested in training and developing students with Western mentality and instilling global processes into local universities. The experts hold that higher education system of Iran has not played a role in building the pillars of the huge mansion of globalization, as a proposed metaphor to describe the phenomenon.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher education
  • Globalization
  • Casual layer analysis

مراجع

  1. Ahmadi, E., & Hafeznia, M. (2020). Explanation the philosophy and function of the boundary in the westphalian era and globalization. World Politics, 9(1), 5-5.
  2. Akhavan Saraf, A.R., & Nilforoushzadeh, M. (2009).Globalization of higher education; various dimensions. Roshd- e- Fanavari, 5(17), 56-62.
  3. Al-Rodhan, N. (2008). The three pillars of sustainable national security in a transnational world. London: Lit Verlag.
  4. Altbach, P.G. (2007). Globalization and the university: realities in an unequal world. In: Forest J.J.F., Altbach P.G. (Eds) International Handbook of Higher Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education, 121-39. Dordrecht: Springer.
  5. Altbach, P.G., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L.E. (2010). Tracking a global academic revolution. Change. The Magazine of Higher Learning, 42(2), 30-39.
  6. Anyikwa, B.E., Amadi, M.N., & Emene, P. (2012). Globalization and the context of future higher education in Nigeria. Humanity and Social Sciences Journal, 7(1), 67-76.
  7. Atash, M., Noroozzadeh, R., Ghahramani, M., Abolghasemi, M., & Frostkhah, M. (2013). Exploring the consequences and mechanisms of globalization of higher education curricula. Curriculum Research, 10 (38), 37-45. (In Persian).
  8. Awli, M. (2003). Explaining and evaluating the opportunities and threats arising from the phenomenon of globalization for the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Master's Thesis of Philosophy of Tarbiat Modarres University. (In Persian).
  9. Babadi, A., Shabani Varak, B., Amin Khandaghi, M., & Karami, M. (2018). Transdisciplinary curriculum inspired by the causal layered analysis: philosophical assumptions, implications and a pedagogical model. Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Studies, 8(16), 7-34. (In Persian).
  10. Bagley, S.S., & Portnoi, L.M. (2016). Higher education and the discourse on global competition: vernacular approaches within higher education policy documents. In Globalisation and Higher Education Reforms, 23-37. Springer International Publishing.
  11. Baradaran Ghahfarokhi, M., Mohaghar, A., & Saghafi, F. (2019). The futures of the University of Tehran using causal layered analysis. foresight, 20(4), 393-415. (In Persian).
  12. Behroozlak, GH.R. (2006). Global assessment and finally discourse conflict. Journal of Political Science, 9(36), 37-62.
  13. Burke, C. (2018). The future of higher education in Ireland: a postcolonial perspective. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 40(5), 458-469.
  14. Chissale, A.L. (2012). Globalizing higher education for neo-liberal development in postcolonial Mozambique. Journal of Higher Education in Africa/Revue de l'enseignement supérieur en Afrique, 10(2), 1-24.
  15. Chou, H.M., Jungblut, J., Ravinet, P., & Vukasovic, M. (2017). Higher education governance and policy: an introduction to multi-issue, multi-level and multiactor dynamics. Policy and Society, 36(1), 1-15.
  16. Curaj, A., Deca, L., & Pricopie, R. (2018). European Higher Education Area: The Impact of Past and Future Policies. Switzerland: Springer.
  17. Farasatkhah, M. (2013). Higher education and universities canges critique of the book globalization theory and universities. Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences, 13(29), 119-133.
  18. Fazeli, N., & Ghalich, M. (2013). A new approach to cultural politics: cultural politics from the perspective of cultural studies. Tehran: Tisa Publishing, Inc. (In Persian).
  19. Fazeli, N. (2004). A look at globalization and global trends in higher education developments and the status of higher education in Iran. Social Science Quarterly, 11(25), 1-41. (In Persian).
  20. Fontanella, B.J.B., Luchesi, B.M., Saidel, M.G.B., Ricas, J., Turato, E.R., & Melo, D.G. (2011). Sampling in qualitative research: a proposal for procedures to detect theoretical saturation. Cadernos de saude publica, 27(2), 389-394.
  21. Ghasempoor, A., Liaghatdar, M., & Jafari, E. (2011). An analysis on localization and internationalization of universities curriculum in the globalization Era. Journal of Iran Cultural Research, 4(4), 1-24. Doi: 10.7508/ijcr.2011.16.001. (In Persian).
  22. Gyamera, G.O., & Burke, P.J. (2018). Neoliberalism and curriculum in higher education: a post-colonial analyses. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(4), 450-467.
  23. Haghdoost, A., Pourhosseini, S.S., Emami, M., Dehnavieh, R., Barfeh, T., & Mehrolhassani, M.H. (2017). Foresight in health sciences using CLA method. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 31(1), 492-499.
  24. Hobbi, A., Fathiazar, E., & Mohammadbakhsh, B. (2010). Globalization, local and global identities of students (Case study: University of Tabriz). Journal of Iran Cultural Research, 3(2), 101-122. Doi: 10.7508/ijcr.2010.10.005 (In Persian).
  25. Inayatollah, S. (2009). Layered analysis of causes theory and case studies of an integrative and evolving future research methodology, 2.) M. Monzavi, Trans) Tehran: Defense Industry Education and Research Institute, Defense Science and Technology Future Research Center. (in Persian).
  26. Inayatullah, S. (2009b). Causal layered analysis: An integrative and transformative theory and method. In Glenn, Jerome C. and Theodore J. Gordon (Eds.), Futures Research Methodology (Version 3, Chapter 35). Washington, DC: The Millennium Project.
  27. Inayatullah, S., & Gidley, J. (2000). The university in transformation: Global perspectives on the futures of the university. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  28. Khazaei, S., Jalilvand, M.R., & Nasrolahi Vosta, L. (2013).Theoretical investigation of the layer analysis of causes in the future. Future Studies Review, 6, 71-102. (In Persian).
  29. Khorasani. A., & Zamani Manesh, H. (2012). Effective strategies for internationalizing iranian universities and higher education institutions. Strategies for Medical Education (Teaching Strategies), 5(3), 183-190.
  30. Knight, J. (2002). Trade in Higher Education Services: The Implications of GATS. London: Observatory on Borderless Higher Education. (www.obhe.ac.uk)
  31. Kraidy, M. (2005). Hybridity or the cultural logic of globalization. Temple University Press.
  32. Larsen, K., Martin, J.P., & Morris, R. (2002). Trade in educational services: trends and emerging issues. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
  33. Lashgari Tafreshi, E. & Ahmadi, S.A. (2019). Explanation of the functional principles of spatial governance in Iran’s structure framework methodology. Researches in Geographical Sciences, 19(54), 259-277. (In Persian).
  34. Malekinia, E., Malekinia, Z., & Feizi, S. (2019). Survey on imperative strategies for iranian's higher education system in globalization age, quarterly. Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies, 6(24), 518-545. (in Persian).
  35. Marginson, S. (2011). Strategizing and ordering the global. In R. King, S. Marginson, & R. Naidoo (Eds.), Handbook on globalization and higher education, 394–414. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  36. Mehrolhassani, M. H., Mirzaei, S., Poorhoseini, S.S., & Oroomiei, N. (2019). Finding the reasons of decrease in the rate of population growth in Iran using causal layered analysis (CLA) method. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI), 33(1), 553-558.
  37. Mirkamali, S., Hamidizadeh, M., Bazargan Harandi, A., & Narenji Thani, F. (2015). Explanation and evaluation of the knowledge creation input pattern in higher education. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 5(20), 197-215.
  38. Molanezhad, M., Nadaf, M., & Mousazadeh, B. (2010). Explanation of globalization behaviors on policy making for foreign trade. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 1(3), 69-88.
  39. Najaf Beygi, R., & Hossein Zadegan, Z. (2011). Globalization and trade on cultural goods. Strategic Studies of public policy, 2(2), 47-72.
  40. Naz, A., Khan, W., Daraz, U., & Hussain, M. (2012). The crises of identity: globalization and its impacts on socio-cultural and psychological identity among pakhtuns of khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2082990 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2082990
  41. Nguyen, N., & Tran, L.T. (2018). Looking inward or outward? Vietnam higher education at the superhighway of globalization: Culture, values and changes. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(1), 28-45.
  42. Popescu, F. (2015). South African globalization strategies and higher education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 209, 411-418.
  43. Pourezzat, A., Khastar, H., Taheri, G. Garahi, M., & Nargesian, A. (2009). The idea pattern of design of univetsities and institutions of higher education in the age of globalization. Daneshgah-E-Eslami, 40(12), 3-12.
  44. Qadir, A. (2016). Higher education, the global governors, and epistemic governance. Studia Humanitatis Borealis, 1(1), 28-35.
  45. Ranjbar, H., Haghdoost, A. A., Salsali, M., Khoshdel, A., Soleimani, M., & Bahrami, N. (2012). Sampling in qualitative research: A Guide for beginning. Journal of Aja University of Medical Sciences, 10 (3), 250-238.
  46. Rezaei, H., Yousefi, A., Larijani, B., Dehnavieh, R., Rezaei, N., & Adibi, P. (2018). Internationalization or globalization of higher education. Journal of education and health promotion, 7, 8.
  47. Sajjadi, M. (2003). Globalization and its challenging consequences for education. Ahvaz Educational and Psychological Sciences, 10 (3, 4), 113-128. (in Persian).
  48. Samier, E.A. (2015). The globalization of higher education as a societal and cultural security problem. Policy futures in education, 13(5), 683-702.
  49. Sardar, Z., & Henzell-Thomas, J. (2018). Books-in-Brief: rethinking reform in higher education (Spanish Language): From Islamization to Integration of Knowledge. International Institute of Islamic Thought.
  50. Scholte, J.A. (2005). Globalization: a critical introduction. (Masoud Karbasian). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company. (In Persian)
  51. Schwartzman, S. (2003). Globalization, poverty, and social inequity in Brazil. in Working Paper Series. Oxford, UK: University of Oxford Centre for Brazilian Studies.
  52. Shrestha, I. M., & Khanal, S.K. (2016). Indigenization of higher education: reflections from Nepal. In Indigenous Culture, Education and Globalization, 137-157. Berlin: Springer, Heidelberg.
  53. Spring, J. (2008). Research on globalization and education. Review of Educational Research, 78(2), 330-363.
  54. Stiglit, J.E. (2006). Globalization and Its unfortunate consequences. (M. R. Baffa. trans), Tehran: Amirkabir Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
  55. Zajda, J., & Rust, V. (2016). Research in globalisation and higher education reforms. In: J. Zajda and V. Rust, Ed. In Globalisation and Higher Education Reforms. Dordrecht: Springer. (Pp.179–187). Available from: http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319281902.

 

فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی
دوره 11، شماره 44
دی 1399
صفحه 149-166

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 آبان 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار