فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی

فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی

تحول دیجیتال با بلاک‌چین برای موفقیت پیاده­سازی زنجیره ­تامین دارو

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
ثریا بیرامی 1
سیدعلی درافشان 1
علیرضا پایور 1
مهسا پیشدار 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده مدیریت و احسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران
10.22034/smsj.2025.500669.2109
چکیده
با افزایش تعداد نهادها یا شرکت‌کنندگان در زنجیره‌تامین دارویی، پیچیدگی و انتزاع تحویل دارو از تولیدکننده به مصرف‌کننده افزایش یافته است که نگرانی‌های جدیدی مانند داروهای تقلبی، اطلاعات نادرست، ناقص یا بدون اطلاعات در مورد دارو را ایجاد کرده است. در نتیجه اعتماد مشتری را تضعیف می‌کند و مهم‌تر از همه تاخیر در توزیع که می‌تواند تأثیر جدی بر زندگی مصرف‌کننده و همچنین رشد کسب‌وکار داشته باشد. با توجه به همه این چالش‌ها، نیاز به یک زنجیره‌تامین دارویی قوی وجود دارد. بنابراین، هدف اصلی این مقاله، مطالعه عوامل موفقیت در پیاده‌سازی فناوری بلاک چین در زنجیره‌تأمین دارویی ایران است که ممکن است اولین تلاش واقعی باشد.
پس از یک مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات و رویکرد استخراج متن، 57 مقاله میان‌رشته‌ای منتشر شده بین سال‌های 2015 تا 2025 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت تا عوامل مؤثر در پیاده‌سازی موفقیت‌آمیز فناوری بلاک‌چین در زنجیره‌تامین دارویی شناسایی شود. نتیجه این بررسی منجر به شناسایی 29 عامل اثرگذار شد که در 6 دسته طبقه‌بندی شدند. پس از آن فرمولاسیون مدل با کمک دلفی فازی برای عملیاتی‌سازی و فرآیند غربالگری عوامل بر اساس نظرات کارشناسان انجام شد. در مرحله بعد با کمک رویکرد فوکام فازی (Z-FUCOM) با هدف تعیین بااهمیت‌ترین عوامل در پیاده‌سازی فناوری بلاک‌چین اعمال شد. نتایج کلی تأکید کردند که عوامل "فنی، سازمانی و خدمات مشتری" ممکن است به پیاده-سازی موفق بلاک‌چین در زنجیره‌تامین دارویی کمک کنند، در حالی‌که سایر عوامل مانند هزینه، توسعه و عوامل محیطی نیاز به حمایت بیشتری برای تسهیل پذیرش آنها درزنجیره‌تامین دارویی دارند
کلیدواژه‌ها
فناوری بلاک‌چین
زنجیره‌تامین دارو
عدم قطعیت
روش سازگاری کامل مبتنی‌بر نظریه Z (Z-FUCOM)

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Digital transformation by blockchain for successful implementation in the pharmaceutical supply

نویسندگان English

Soraya Birami 1
Seyed Ali Doorafshan 1
Alireza Payvar 1
Mahsa Pishdar 2
1 PhD student, Department of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
The pharmaceutical industry is inherently one of the most regulated sectors, as safety, integrity, and preservation throughout the distribution network are the main pillars for ensuring the effectiveness of medicines for the public. The pharmaceutical industry in Iran, like in other countries, holds significant strategic importance and is considered one of the strategic, knowledge-based industries with a high rate of innovation. With the increase in the number of entities or participants in the pharmaceutical supply chain, the complexity and abstraction of drug delivery from manufacturer to consumer have increased, leading to new concerns such as counterfeit drugs, misinformation, incomplete information, or lack of information about the drugs. As a result, this undermines customer trust and, more importantly, causes delays in distribution, which can have serious impacts on consumers' lives as well as business growth. Given all these challenges, there is a need for a robust pharmaceutical supply chain. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to study the success factors in implementing blockchain technology in Iran's pharmaceutical supply chain, which may be the first real attempt. The use of blockchain technology in supply chains has been tested in several industries and is a very promising technology due to its undeniable advantages such as traceability, security, privacy preservation, and transparency. Particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, this technology can help prevent drug counterfeiting, which is an increasing phenomenon. This is especially relevant for Iran's pharmaceutical industry, where the entry of international companies and domestic and foreign investments, despite advancements and increased competitiveness, exacerbate issues related to drug counterfeiting and theft. On the other hand, pharmaceutical companies in Iran must invest in infrastructure, update production equipment, and implement a comprehensive quality management system to succeed in the global arena and export medicines to other countries. Blockchain technology can facilitate this process. However, the correct implementation of this technology is essential, and identifying the success factors in its implementation is the first fundamental requirement. This study focuses on identifying and evaluating these success factors.
Methodology
After a systematic review of the literature and a text extraction approach, 57 interdisciplinary articles published between 2015 and 2025 were examined to identify the factors influencing the successful implementation of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical supply chain. The result of this review led to the identification of 29 influential factors, which were categorized into 6 groups. These 29 success factors were formulated into a questionnaire and distributed among 10 supply chain managers in the pharmaceutical sector of Iran, specifically in procurement (supply), planning and production, distribution, and logistics, as experts in this industry. The criteria for selecting these individuals included their extensive experience (a minimum of 7 years), at least a bachelor's degree, managerial positions, and sufficient knowledge regarding blockchain technology.
After receiving responses from these individuals, in the second phase of the research, the Z-Based Full Adaptation Method (Z-FUCOM) was employed to determine the most critical success factors in implementing blockchain technology, which is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) issue. This theory is utilized for fuzzy environments. Since the pharmaceutical industry, like other industries, operates in a highly uncertain environment, it seems logical to use an analysis method that is combined with fuzzy theories.
Results and Discussion
The overall results emphasized that in implementing blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry, the criterion "technology" was identified as the most significant factor with a weight of 0.4329. Following this, the criteria "organizational" and "customer service" ranked second and third, with weights of 0.1939 and 0.1081, respectively. These findings indicate that technical, organizational, and customer service factors play a crucial role in successfully implementing blockchain in the pharmaceutical supply chain. In contrast, other factors such as cost, development, and environmental factors require more support to facilitate their acceptance in the supply chain. The analysis of the sub-criteria also revealed that security (privacy protection) achieved the highest rank with a final weight of 0.1619. Support from top management ranked second with a weight of 0.0842, followed by reliability with a weight of 0.0714. These three sub-criteria account for over 30% of the total importance for successfully implementing blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
Conclusion
Successful implementation of blockchain technology requires collaborative efforts among stakeholders—pharmaceutical entities, regulatory bodies, technology innovators, and healthcare providers. By intensifying collaborative efforts and fostering innovation, the industry can pave the way for a future where patients worldwide receive reliable and safe pharmaceutical products. Other factors that can aid in the successful implementation of this technology include the deployment of systems that provide real-time and secure access to supply chain information, the establishment of clear and supportive regulations for the use of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry, and the shared use of blockchain infrastructure among pharmaceutical organizations to reduce costs. Additionally, managers should promote a corporate culture that encourages department collaboration and process transparency.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Pharmaceutical supply chain
Blockchain technology
Uncertainty
Z-Based full Adaptation method (Z-FUCOM)
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