انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 World risk society, reconfiguration of religion, and transnational religious organizations جامعه ریسک جهانی، بازپیکره‌بندی دین و سازمان‌های دینی فراملی 1 34 174545 10.22034/smsj.2023.396240.1848 FA عباس جنگ پژوهشگر، دانشگاه هومبولت، برلین، آلمان؛ دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-5351-2614 اردشیر انتظاری دانشیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2023 05 07 Introduction: This scholarly article explores the reconfiguration of religion and religious organizations within the framework of the world risk society. The emergence and proliferation of global risks have presented significant challenges to social structures and constructions. These risks, unlike those caused by natural forces or external factors, arise as unintended consequences and side effects of centuries of human attempts to rationalize, control, and determine the material world through science, technology, and rational institutions. Paradoxically, the very institutions once celebrated as drivers of progress and prosperity have now become major sources of threats and risks. The dominance of risks on a global scale has initiated a profound transformation, leading to a transition into a realm of indeterminacy, uncertainty, and fluidity. Consequently, numerous social institutions are undergoing metamorphosis, setting the stage for the reconfiguration of societies. Methodology: To accomplish the central goal of this research, i.e. the role of religion in the global risk society, a qualitative methodology, combined with document and library review, has been systematically employed. This methodological choice allows for a comprehensive exploration of the reconfiguration of religion in the context of the global risk society. The research methodology encompasses theoretical verifications, extensive library studies, analysis of available statistics and documents, in-depth examination of concrete cases, and a thorough review of existing studies. The main aim of this article is carried out in the form of addressing the following four central questions: 1. What kind of transformation and challenges have social institutions encountered in the contemporary world, particularly under the influence of the global risk society? 2. How can the reconfiguration of religion in the global risk society be investigated and understood? 3. What are the transformations and manifestations of religion in the global risk society? 4. What are the effects of the cosmopolitanization of risks on transnational religious organizations in the contemporary world? Addressing these questions will be done in the form of the following structure: Firstly, the general coordinates, characteristics, and fundamental forces of the global risk society are described. Next, the article evaluates the role of religion in relation to one of the most significant forces of this society, namely the distribution of the risks. Concrete examples are then examined to analyze the process of transnationalization of religion, the expansion of transnational religious organizations, the cosmopolitanization of the world, and their consequences. Results and Discussion: This article draws on the concept of the world risk society to shed light on the cognitive dynamics involved in understanding risk determination in the contemporary world. The article posits that the new world order is shaped by the avoidance and distribution of negative outcomes, i.e. bads, rather than the accumulation of conceived goods. It identifies three main categories of risk—environmental, technological, and societal risks—and underscores their critical role in the emergence of the world risk society. Furthermore, the article explores the world risk theory as a social theory of modernization, emphasizing the influence of organizational types, the modern division of labor, and scientific and technological engagements with nature as primary sources of global risks in the present era. The impact of the rise of the world risk society on religion is examined in the third section of the article. This exploration focuses on the dominant force of risk society—the distribution and globalization of risks. The article argues that the ascendancy of risks triggers various and sometimes contradictory responses from different religions, ranging from resistance, innovation, criticism, and retreat to destruction, reconstruction, and revival. The indeterminacy and fluidity induced by the world risk society have led to the emergence of diverse religious configurations across different times and spaces. The article investigates the emergence of religious fundamentalism in the context of the world risk society and analyzes the influence of individualization and globalization of risks on religious configurations, presenting specific examples. Transnationalization is identified as a key manifestation of religious reconfiguration in the world risk society. The study provides empirical and concrete examples to analyze the impacts and manifestations of this process on religious configurations. Conclusion: In conclusion, this article argues that the emergence and restructuring of transnational religious organizations represent a significant aspect of the reconfiguration of religion in the world risk society. The unique characteristics of these organizations in the context of globalized risks are outlined, and their global operations in various domains are introduced. The article examines the different elements and parameters of these organizations, including transnational networks, global governance structures, technological utilization, religious practices and beliefs, human resources, financial networks, communication infrastructures, leadership structures, and membership regimes. Through the application of criteria such as geographical reach, membership and support base, ideology and belief system, organizational structure, external relations, engagement with global risks, and use of technology, a comprehensive classification of transnational religious organizations in the world risk society is presented, accompanied by empirical examples. Finally, the article highlights the exponential growth of transnational cyber religious organizations, attributing it to the globalization of risks, reconfiguration of religion, and expansion of cyber communities. The salient features of these organizations and communities are delineated, and significant examples are introduced. مقاله‌ حاضر به بازپیکره‌بندی دین در جامعه‌ ریسک جهانی می‌پردازد. ظهور و بسط مخاطرات در مقیاسی جهانی، چالشی جدی برای بسیاری از سازه‌های‌ اجتماعی ایجاد نموده است. هدف محوری این پژوهش، وارسی نقش دین در جامعه جهانی ریسک است. این هدف در قالب وارسی و پاسخ به چهار پرسش‌ محوری حول چیستی جایگاه دین در جامعه‌ ریسک جهانی پیگیری خواهد شد. رویکرد غالب این پژوهش کیفی، و روش آن از نوع توصیفی و اکتشافی است. نشان داده خواهد شد که پیدایش و گسترش مخاطرات و بحران‌ها در مقیاسی جهانی، جوامع مختلف را در معرض تحولات بنیادین قرار داده‌اند. این ریسک‌ها بیش از آنکه از طبیعت یا نیرویی خارجی ناشی شده باشند، برآمده از نتایج ناخواسته و عوارض جانبی قرن‌ها تلاش‌ و سیاست‌های انسان مدرن جهت عقلانی‌سازی و متعین‌سازی جهانی عینی بوده‌اند. علم، تکنولوژی و بسیاری از نهادهای عقلانی که زمانی قرار بود پیشرفت و رفاه را برای انسان مدرن به ارمغان بیاورند خود به مهمترین تهدید و منشا خلق انواع ریسک‌ها بدل شده‌اند. سیطره و تعیین‌کنندگی ریسک‌ها در مقیاسی جهانی، جهان معاصر را در مقیاسی گسترده در معرض یک تحول بنیادین قرار داده‌اند، اما این یک تحول ساده و گذر از یک نظم و به نظم جدیدی نیست. این تحول قدم گذاشتن به عرصه عدم‌تعین‌ها، نااطمینانی‌ها و سیالیت‌هاست. در این روند بسیاری از نهادهای اجتماعی در معرض نوعی چالش و استحاله بنیادین قرار گرفته‌اند و این زمینه را برای بازپیکره‌بندی جوامع گوناگون فراهم نموده است. در این مقاله، این روند جهانی ذیل نظریه جامعه ریسک جهانی مورد بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت و سعی خواهد شد ضمن مرور عوامل و همچنین ویژگی‌های این جامعه، بر تاثیرات عمیق جهانی‌شدن ریسک‌ها بر دین در عصر معاصر تمرکز شود. برخی از پیامدها و همچنین ظهورات دین در جامعه ریسک جهانی مورد واکاوی قرار خواهند گرفت. در نهایت به شکلی مبسوط به یکی از مهمترین ظهورات دین در روند جهانی‌شدن ریسک‌ها، یعنی سازمان‌های دینی فراملی و همچنین ویژگی‌ها، اشکال و نمودهای بنیادین آنها پرداخته خواهد شد.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_174545_084b581461d1f59fdc2db6fd6bc2eb1f.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Identifying negative images and it's causes towards Iran's export nation brand شناسایی و ریشه یابی تصاویر ذهنی منفی از برند ملی صادراتی ایران 35 60 165778 10.22034/smsj.2022.349876.1691 FA محمدرضا بلورپارسا دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران محمّدرضا حمیدی‌زاده استاد، دانشگاه دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-7325-0516 سید محمود حسینی دانشیار، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران 0009-0008-0994-4637 Journal Article 2022 07 01 Introduction: Review of researches in the field of nation brand shows a few studies in recognizing and examining negative images of exporting countries. Identifying negative image about a country's export activities and finding the root causes of these mentalities used as a first step in planning national branding programs. This will be doubly important, especially for countries that are politically different from the mainstream of international media or faces some negative stereotypes among foreign consumers. The objective is to identify the negative images toward the export aspect of Iran's nation brand and to investigate the causes of these mentalities. Methodology: The researcher's philosophical approach based on the perspective of pragmatism. This qualitativ research conducted based on in-depth interviews and data analysis based on the grounded theory approach using content analysis. The statistical population includes knowledgeable and active people in exporting to Iraq and Syria and using theoretical sampling and snowball method, 26 interviews conducted to achieve theoretical adequacy. Results and Discussion: Negative images toward Iran's export nation brand include 14 concepts were identified in four categories of images related to 1."Iranian export product" including improper packaging, non-compliance with standards, unstable product presence, unstable product quality, surplus product Domestic needs, 2."Iranian exporter" including: fraud in trade, lack of commitment in trade, lack of expertise in trade, lack of trust in the other party, 3." the export environment" including: large number of intermediaries, high rate of trade disputes, confusion in trade and 4."Export consequences" including damage to domestic production, sanctions problems. Exporter’s wrong view to export including: "short-term view to export", "contemptuous view to export market" and wrong view of policymakers in this field including: "exports as a surplus of domestic demand" and a "partiality approach in export management", are among the most important formation roots of negative images toward export aspect of Iran's nation brand. Three categories including political roots, ethnic roots and religious roots are also effective as underlying factors in reinforcing these negative mentalities. Conclusion: The concepts related to "Iranian product" and "Iranian exporter" include the largest number of negative images of Iran's export nation brand. "Establishing an evaluation system to assess the qualifications of exporters", "creating collective trade mark", "strengthening chambers of commerce", "establishing export consortia" and "developing export management companies" are the suggestions to address the roots of these negative mentalities. Then, unfavorable economic conditions in countries of export-target because that price as a determining factor, reduces the impact of consumer political animosity in response to foreign products. However, in the face of equal price and product quality, political hostility will affect consumer behavior. In other words, consumer animosity, even at low levels, reduces the competitiveness of the product in foreign market, even if it does not lead to a boycott of the export product. It should be noted that political animosity if combined or strengthened by cultural animosity (religious animosity (Shia-Sunni) and ethnic animosity (Arab-Iranian) in this study), will have a strong and lasting effect on consumer behavior. بررسی مطالعات حوزه برند ملی، نشان از پژوهش‌های محدود در شناخت و بررسی تصاویر ذهنی منفی از برند ملی کشورهای صادرکننده دارد. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی تصاویر ذهنی منفی مخاطبان خارجی از وجه صادراتی برند ملی ایران در محصولات غیرنفتی و بررسی ریشه‌های شکل‌گیری این ذهنیت‌ها است. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق و بدون ساختار بوده و بر اساس منطق روش نظریه داده بنیاد و با روش تحلیل مضمون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل افراد مطلع و فعال در صادرات به کشورهای عراق و سوریه بوده و با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری نظری و روش گلوله برفی، 28 مصاحبه تا دستیابی به حد اشباع نظری انجام شده است. تصاویر ذهنی منفی از برند ملی صادراتی ایران شامل 14 مفهوم و در قالب چهار دسته تصاویر مرتبط با محصول صادراتی ایرانی، صادرکننده ایرانی، فضای صادرات و تبعات صادرات شناسایی شدند. سه مقوله ریشه‌های سیاسی، ریشه‌های قومیتی و ریشه‌های مذهبی نیز عوامل زمینه‌ای موثر در تقویت این ذهنیت‌های منفی هستند. مفاهیم مرتبط با «محصول ایرانی» و «صادرکننده ایرانی» بیشترین تعداد تصاویر منفی از برند ملی صادراتی ایران را شامل می‌شود. ایجاد یک سیستم ارزیابی برای اهلیت سنجی صادرکنندگان، ایجاد برند‌های جمعی، تقویت اتاق‌های بازرگانی، ایجاد کنسرسیوم‌های صادراتی و توسعه شرکت‌های مدیریت صادرات از جمله پیشنهادات در جهت مقابله با ریشه‌های شکل‌گیری این ذهنیت‌های منفی است.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_165778_95d88aa1b16a4d357dd567e01c78ffa3.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 The role of corporate governance in the success of international joint ventures نقش حاکمیت شرکتی بر موفقیت سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک بین‌المللی 61 80 173207 10.22034/smsj.2023.173207 FA محمدهادی صادق استادیار، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر،تهران، ایران 0000-0002-7268-7708 مریم پرچمی سرقین دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران محمد حسین تاج الدینی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2022 04 27 Introduction: Corporate governance is one of the key success factors (KSFs) of international joint ventures (IJVs) as one of the most common types of the strategies which is being using by the companies that intend to operate internationally. In spite of the importance of this key success factors, the lack of a research which determined How corporate governance will improve the performance and productivity of international joint ventures, and recognized how it will lead to innovative performance on them. The reason of such this research gap is because of this perspective which the findings of the general researches in the field of corporate governance, can be extended to the international joint ventures structure as new firm as well. But, because of complex nature of these entities, the extension of the findings of other types of organizational structures to international joint ventures type is not accurate extension. Therefore, this article intends to recognize the factors which have effect on improve the performance and productivity of international joint ventures and determined how these factors will lead to innovative performance on them. Methodology: The systematic literature review is research method. Thus, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of one year (from September 2018 to September 2019) from the on-line databases such as Sage, Elsevier, Springer, Willy and etc. In the first step, while determining and specifying the subject of study, the research questions were developed in accordance with the research design. In the next step, the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly based on PICOC model which consist of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 400 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on Caldwell's proposed method), 60 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using open coding method through Excel software) synthesized and finally summarized. Results and Discussion: Three factors manifested in the cooperation agreement and affecting productivity and performance, and five factors that directly affect governance in the success of international joint ventures. In other words, corporate governance and its related factors play a critical role in the success of international joint ventures. Conclusion: According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that corporate governance play critical role on the success of the international joint ventures and international joint ventures are a complex organizational structure and multi-dimensional concept which cannot be undermined and treated like other types of organizations. Thus, results can be as a guide to any types of mutual collaborations especially to the international joint ventures because of its unique and complex nature. حاکمیت شرکتی از جمله عوامل موفقیت سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک بین‌المللی می‌باشد. با وجود این اهمیت، در مورد اینکه نظام حاکمیتی چگونه بر بهبود عملکرد و بهره‌وری سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک بین‌المللی تأثیر می‌گذارد و همچنین چگونه منجر به عملکرد نوآورانه در اتحادهای مذکور خواهد شد، نیاز به پژوهش‌های بیشتری است تا یافته‌های حوزه حاکمیت شرکتی در حالت عام را به‌توان به مفهوم سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک بین‌المللی به عنوان یک شرکت ثالث تازه تأسیس نیز تسری داد؛ اما واقعیت این است که نظر به پیچیدگی این مفهوم، تعمیم ابعاد مختلف حاکمیت ‏شرکتی در حالت عام به سرمایه‌گذاری‌های ‏مشترک‏ بین‌‎المللی، دقت هوشمندانه می‌خواهد. به همین دلیل، این تحقیق سعی دارد تا ضمن شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود بهره‌وری و عملکرد در تشکل‌های یاد شده، بر نحوه نقش‌آفرینی مجموعه این عوامل بر عملکرد نوآورانه در این تشکل‌ها بپردازد. برای دستیابی به هدف مذکور با استفاده از روش مرور نظام‌مند، 400 پژوهش استخراج شد که از میان آنها، 60 مقاله عمیقاً بررسی گردیدند. در نهایت 3 عامل متجلی در قرارداد همکاری و مؤثر بر بهبود بهره‌وری و عملکرد و همچنین 5 عامل که به‌طور مستقیم بر این مقوله تأثیر دارند، به همراه تبیین نحوه نقش‌آفرینی مجموعه این عوامل بر عملکرد نوآورانه در این تشکل‌ها، شناسایی شدند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173207_1f78005f999bbc9d3fd7da29745117d4.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Providing a strategic decision-making pattern in a fast-paced environment ارائه الگوی تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی در شرایط محیطی پرسرعت 81 96 173205 10.22034/smsj.2023.173205 FA وحید خاشعی دانشیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران مهدی ابراهیمی دانشیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران شهرام خلیل‌نژاد استادیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9673-2369 میخک جعفری دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2021 12 17 Introduction: Decision making in organizations particularly in the fast-paced environments is posing a difficult challenge, which in the absence of a suitable algorithm would confront the establishments with an array of perils. The aim’s paper is to developing a strategic decision making algorithm for banking sector managers facing fast-paced environments. Methodology: The research method is qulatative one. The subjective multi-case methodology applied to fifteen participants selected through theoretical sampling from the population of managers and experts. The sampe include three different banks. Data gather by subjected to semi structured interviewing. Results and Discussion: To forming, a model of the strategic decision-making, three inclusive fields of context, method and consequences is necessary. The results of the present study showed that in order for banks to be able to make strategic decisions in high-speed environments, they must consider three main areas: decision contexts, the process required to make a decision, and the consequences of the decision. Organizations, especially banks, need special conditions such as dynamic components of the organization, balance between stability and flexibility, coordination of organizational components, and the like, which were identified in the present study. The present study also showed that decision-making agility and decision-making reliance on information and analysis is one of the background conditions required to succeed in developing and implementing a strategic decision-making model for banking industry managers in high-speed environmental conditions. The study was consistent with the results of the research of Nimand et al. (2021) and confirmed the findings of the study. Among other areas related to the creation of strategic decision-making model in high-speed environments by banks, the present study emphasized the issue of decision-making process. The structure of strategic decision-making was one of the factors that had a great impact on creating a strategic decision-making model in high-speed environments. In other words, the agility of the structure along with the support of senior management, the competence of decision-makers, as well as continuous evaluation of changes and measures such as communication development, growth and development of services and its diversity scope leads to this. The organization will be able to innovate in its strategic decision-making processes in high-speed environments, and this will eventually lead to the creation of a new and good model for strategic decision-making in high-speed environments. This part of the study was in line with the findings of the study conducted by Kamal (2021) and confirmed the findings of this study. Another area that was examined and identified in the present study regarding the strategic decision-making model in high-speed environmental conditions, which was also the last comprehensive theme of the present study, was the outcome. The most important things that can be mentioned in this area are: effective and dynamic strategic management system, decision-making integrity, structured decision-making process and the like. Among the issues that can be considered by adopting a strategic decision-making approach in the banking industry and in high-speed environmental conditions are issues such as helping to increase elite selection and retention and cultivation of elites, spreading the culture of strategic thinking in the organization and especially the banking industry mentioned the creation of a common vision in the organization and collective values and the like. It should be noted that this part of the results of the present study was also consistent with the findings of the research of Bamgartner et al. (2021), because the findings of the present study in this section showed that the banking industry can in high-speed environmental conditions. To take action in such a way that the results of these actions will ultimately lead to the success of the organization, requires a strong strategic decision-making framework, and this system must be established throughout the organization as soon as possible. Conclusion: An organization to have a strategic decision-making model, managers must simultaneously pay attention to the context, process and outcome. Regarding the background conditions, the most important issues are the support of senior management, the competence of decision-makers, the structure of the decision-making process, and the existence of a common vision in the organization, mastering the vision of the organization and applying the dimensions of human resource management. Organizations should identify all the requirements and provide the conditions in such a way that they are in the most dynamic state possible. Regarding strategic decision-making processes, it can be said that managers in the banking industry should take action such as forward-looking action, continuous learning, maintaining and developing communications, strategic alliances, continuous evaluation of changes, adopting alternative strategies, developing discourse rules, strategic foresight and Put structure agility on their agenda and know that organizational results depend on these. Finally, the most important things that the managers of the banking industry should consider in their agenda regarding the consequences of strategic decision-making in high-speed environmental conditions are: using the results of strategic decision-making to improve the organization and trying to develop strategic decision-making. Advancing the core goals that all of these materials will ultimately lead to improved organizational performance. امروزه تصمیم‌گیری در سازمان‌ها بخصوص در محیطهای پرسرعت به امری چالش‌برانگیز و دشوار تبدیل شده است و در صورت عدم وجود الگوی مناسب برای این منظور، سازمان‌ها به مخاطرات زیادی روبرو هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه الگوی تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی برای مدیران صنعت بانکداری در شرایط محیطی پر سرعت انجام شد. به منظور انجام این پژوهش از روش کیفی استفاده شد و مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش متشکل از 15 نفر از مدیران و خبرگان حوزه بانکداری بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری نظری از سه بانک انتخاب شدند و مورد مصاحبه عمیق قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد صنعت بانکداری برای اینکه بتواند به یک الگوی تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی در محیط‌های پرسرعت دست پیدا کند و این مدل بتواند تمامی نیازهای سازمان را در زمینه تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی برطرف کند، نیاز دارد تا شرایطی اعم از علّی، زمینه‌ای و تعدیل‌گر را ایجاد کرده و با توجه به فرایندها و راهبردهای مورد نظر، الگوی تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی را ایجاد کرده و به واسطه آن بتواند به عملکرد بهتری در سازمان دست پیدا کند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173205_eebf3eafb4a2bc369a213e75c0d78553.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 The impact of supply chain dynamics on the firm sustainable performance with remanufacturing capability and supply chain resilience تاثیر پویایی زنجیره‌تامین بر عملکرد پایدار شرکت با قابلیت تولید مجدد و تاب‌آوری زنجیره‌تامین 97 117 173202 10.22034/smsj.2023.173202 FA مصطفی ابراهیم پور دانشیار، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران 0000-0003-0410-6374 محمود مرادی دانشیار، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران آیدا فلاح پور دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران Journal Article 2021 09 29 Introduction: In recent decades, with the scarcity of world resources and the change of customer perspective beyond products and services, manufacturing and service companies must think beyond the economic benefits of their products and services and make every effort to maintain these resources and improve the country and the world. Considering the sustainability performance and its improvement, it provides the opportunity for firms to consider the economic sector, the environmental sector of the firm and the social sector, because the success of today's organizations mixed with the concept of sustainability and provides an opportunity for small and medium-sized companies to move towards sustainable economic development. Organizations need to leverage their creativity and innovation in order to maintain their sustainablility performance in today's complex and dynamic environment. The supply chain dynamics may be able to help. Another dynamic concept, supply chain resilience, introduced as a capacity for survival, adaptation and growth in turbulent times. In addition, dynamic capabilities are organizational processes that intentionally modify and change the organization's resource base and known as an emerging strategy to achieve the sustainable goals of an organization. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supply chain dynamics on firm sustainability performance with mediating role of remanufacturing capability and supply chain resilience. Methodology: The statistical population of the study is small and medium-sized companies active in Sepidrood industrial Town. Data collected from 48 companies through a questionnaire. In each company, one manager (selected by available sampling method) was distributed a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Composite reliability was also used to measure reliability. Given that for all variables, this value is above 0.7 and the value of CR is greater than 0.7. For validity, content validity (using experts' opinions) and construct validity with convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted) and Discriminant validity (The Fornell-Larcker Criterion) have been done. For all variables, the value of AVE is greater than 0.5 . The first order latent variable of this article, it was calculated by the software and its output is presented. But regarding the sustainability firm performance, due to its second order latent variable, it was manually calculated and reported. Data analysis in this study was done by structural equation modeling( SEM) with partial least squares approach using Smart PLS . Results and Discussion: The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of supply chain dynamics on firm sustainability performance with mediating role of remanufacturing capability and supply chain resilience. Therefore, by using a questionnaire, the necessary information collected from the Sepidrood industrial Town of Rasht, and Smart PLS used to analyze the data. The results show that supply chain dynamics affect remanufacturing capability and supply chain resilience directly. In addition, the remanufacturing capability has a positive effect on sustainability Firm performance and supply chain resilience. Supply chain resilience has a positive effect on the sustainability Firm performance directly and indirectly through the remanufacturing capability and supply chain dynamics. This paper did not confirm the role of supply chain dynamics and sustainability Firm performance. Conclusion: It is concluded that small and medium-sized companies in order to take advantage of sustainable performance opportunities, should consider the drivers of supply chain dynamics and provide the basis for the development of firm sustainable performance by using supply chain dynamics indirectly through remanufacturing capability and supply chain resilience. With strategies such as creating an opportunity by managers to study the environment and learn from it to increase the speed of adapting to the environment and responding to its changes, strengthening the role of innovation in the organization's products and services and operational processes, passing laws regarding the collection of obsolete products, strengthening this insight. that recycled products do not mean second-hand products, the use of reverse logistics to re-enter parts into the production flow can reduce the cost of product production for both the company and the customer to some extent, improve the risk management culture in the organization and etc, can improve sustainability performance according to the results of this study. This article provides relevant and useful information related to the sustainability performance of small and medium-sized companies and the factors affecting it. Therefore, in order to improve their sustainability performance, small and medium-sized companies can take advantage of the effect of the variables of the implemented model to achieve sustainable performance. در طی دهه‌های اخیر با کمیاب شدن منابع جهان و همچنین تغییر دیدگاه مشتری به فراتر از محصول و خدمات، شرکت‌های تولیدی و خدماتی باید به فراتر از سود اقتصادی محصولات و خدماتشان بیندیشند و تمام تلاش خود را برای حفظ این منابع و بهبود وضعیت کشور و جهان به کار گیرند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر پویایی زنجیره تامین بر عملکرد پایدار شرکت با نقش میانجی قابلیت تولید مجدد و تابآوری زنجیرهتامین انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط فعال شهرک صنعتی سپیدرود رشت در نظر گرفته شده است. داده ها از 48 شرکت از طریق پرسشنامه طیف لیکرت 5 گزینه‌ای جمع آوری شد و با استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری، فرضیه های پژوهش مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج آماری پژوهش نشان داده است که پویایی زنجیره تامین بر قابلیت تولید مجدد و تاب‌آوری زنجیره تامین موثر است. همچنین قابلیت تولید مجدد بر عملکرد پایدار شرکت و تاب‌آوری زنجیره تامین اثر مثبت دارد. تابآوری زنجیره تامین بر عملکرد پایدار شرکت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از طریق قابلیت تولید مجدد و پویایی زنجیره تامین اثر مثبت دارد. در این مقاله نقش مستقیم پویایی زنجیره تامین بر عملکرد پایدار شرکت، تایید نشد. بنابراین نتیجه می‌شود که شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط در راستای بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌های عملکرد پایدار، باید محرک‌های پویایی زنجیره تامین را مدنظر قرار داده و زمینه توسعه عملکرد پایدار شرکت را با استفاده از پویایی زنجیره تامین به‌صورت غیرمستقیم از طریق قابلیت تولید مجدد و تاب‌آوری زنجیره تامین فراهم آورند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173202_fac429a48487c6eba2f1d46001284015.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Economic diplomacy and redundancy strategies دیپلماسی و راهبردهای افزونگی اقتصادی 119 147 173201 10.22034/smsj.2023.173201 FA امین آزادبخت فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران محمدعلی مطلبی کربکندی فارغ التحصیل دکتری، دانشگاه و پژوهشگاه عالی دفاع ملی وتحقیقات راهبردی، تهران، ایران یاور دشتبانی فارغ التحصیل دکتری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2021 07 15 Introduction: In today's world, the field of international relations is very important and economic diplomacy consider an important tool for the economic growth and development of countries at the international level. Economic diplomacy involves accessing international markets, attracting foreign investments, and influencing global laws to achieve national benefits. Iran located in a region that is very important from a geopolitical point of view and also has privileged geographical, human and natural resources that can take advantage of these strengths and in addition to use the opportunities in neighboring countries and removing weaknesses and avoiding threats to achieve a suitable economic position in the region and the world. The commonalities between countries may expand the relations between them.Iraq, as a border country, has common cultural and religious points, in line with the developments in the region with the Islamic Republic of Iran, has much in common and therefore must have very strong relations with Iran. Methodology: The SWOT method uses to study the literature of the subject, including theoretical and experimental literature, analysis of raw data available from valid internal and external sources. The interviewe is anther tool for gathering data from officials in the subject under discussion. First identified internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) strategic points and considered its most important points as strategic points and in the next step to complete the required data, distributed the questionnaire among the experts. The data obtained led to the extraction of the conceptual research pattern. Then, while explaining the research method, the information analyzed. Results and Discussion: The effective and active cooperation between the two countries of Iran and Iraq for stability in the region and the development of economic and trade relations with the benefits of the two nations brings a better economic situation for both countries. In addition, the economic capacities of the two countries can serve the benefits of both nations. The two countries can take useful and effective steps to secure the interests of their nations and other nations of the region by strengthening the level of cooperation and coordination. Due to the unintended military in Iraq since 2005 and Iranian support to this country, the level of trust and security defense relations between the two countries established. Despite these good relations, especially after the collapse of the Ba'athist regime and the establishment of a people's government in Iraq, Iran has not yet made good use of Iraq's trade potential, which is a relatively high-financed country, and still has a high capacity to exploit. Considering that the developments in Iraq are effective on the interactions between the two countries, in order to achieve long-term economic opportunities in Iraq, our country needs to develop appropriate and effective strategies and policies in different parts of this country. In this regard, this study conducted with the aim of examining the economic relations and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq and providing appropriate solutions for the effectiveness of these relations. In this research, in order to choose a suitable strategy, the SWOT method used for data analysis. In this method, for Iraq, there will be two environments, an environment in which Iran is influential called the internal environment, and an environment in which Iran is subject to Iraq and cannot be influential is the external environment. Conclusion: The results showed that by analyzing the data using internal and external evaluation matrices, a score of 2/741 and 2/6 of the ceiling score of 4 can be assigned to the internal and external performance of Iran-Iraq economic relations. According to the Swat method, because they are more than 2.5, they show a good general condition; but it is not a high score and testifies to the fact that there is a potential capacity to improve economic relations between the two countries. Following the research, by forming and analyzing the Swot matrix, 12 strategies were developed to promote relations and interests between the two countries, which include 6 offensive strategies, 2 conservative strategies, 1 competitive strategy and 3 defensive strategies. Entry and analysis of these strategies with a quantitative strategic planning matrix, showed that of these strategies, 4 very good strategies, 3 good strategies, 4 medium strategies and an unacceptable strategy, and finally to make suggestions for the implementation of each of the above strategies took. در عصر امروز برای همه کشورهای دنیا، حوزه روابط‌بین‌المللی حائز اهمیت فراوانی است و وجوه اشتراک بین کشورها ممکن است روابط بین آنها را گسترده‌تر نماید. عراق به عنوان یک کشور هم مرز، دارای نقاط فرهنگی و دینی مشترک، همسو و هم نظر در تحولات منطقه با جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دارای وجوه اشتراک زیادی است و به همین دلیل باید روابط بسیار قوی با ایران داشته باشد. به ویژه به دلیل تحولات عراق از سال 2005 و کمک‌های نظامی و کلامی بدون چشم‌داشت ایران به این کشور، سطح اعتماد و روابط دفاعی-امنیتی مناسبی بین دو کشور به‌وجود آمده است؛ اما علیرغم این روابط حسنه، به ویژه بعد از فروپاشی رژیم بعث و استقرار دولت مردمی در عراق، ایران تاکنون از ظرفیت تجاری عراق که یک کشور با ظریفت نسبتاً بالا است، استفاده مطلوبی نکرده و همچنان دارای ظرفیت بالایی برای بهره‌برداری است. در همین راستا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی روابط و منافع اقتصادی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و عراق و ارائه راه‌کارهای مناسب جهت اثر بخشی این روابط انجام شده است. پژوهش پیشرو با بهره‌گیری از روش سوات به تحلیل داده‌های خام موجود از منابع داخلی و خارجی معتبر و همچنین جهت تسلط بیشتر بر موضوع، به مصاحبه با افراد صاحب منصب در موضوع مورد بحث مبادرت نمود و ابتدا نقاط راهبردی داخلی (قوت‌ها و ضعف‌ها) و خارجی (فرصت‌ها و تهدیدات) را شناسایی کرد و مهمترین نقاط آن را نقاط راهبردی در نظر گرفت و در جهت تکمیل داده‌های مورد نیاز به توزیع پرسشنامه در بین خبرگان مبادرت نمود. اطلاعات کسب شده از این مسیر استخراج الگوی مفهومی پژوهش را در پی داشت. در ادامه ضمن تشریح روش تحقیق پژوهش اطلاعات مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از ماتریس‌های ارزیابی داخلی و خارجی می‌توان نمره 741/2 و 6/2 از نمره سقف 4، را به عملکرد داخلی و خارجی روابط اقتصادی ایران و عراق اختصاص داد. این نمرات با توجه به مبانی روش سوات چون بیشتر از 5/2 هستند، وضعیت کلی مناسبی را نشان می‌دهند؛ اما نمره بالایی نیست و گواه بر این حقیقت است که ظرفیت بالقوهای برای ارتقاء روابط اقتصادی بین دو کشور وجود دارد. در ادامه، پژوهش با تشکیل و تحلیل ماتریس سوات نسبت به تدوین 12 راهبرد جهت ارتقاء روابط و منافع بین دو کشور اقدام نمود. ورود و تحلیل این راهبردها با ماتریس برنامه‌ریزی کمی راهبردی انجام شد و در نهایت برای عملی نمودن هر یک از راهبردهای فوق پیشنهادهایی ارائه گردید.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173201_bd30020ef4645bb5f9c387d193826142.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 An investigation of dynamic capabilities impacting medical equipment innovation performance شناسایی قابلیت‌های پویای موثر بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول: مورد مطالعه شرکت‌های تجهیزات پزشکی 153 171 173206 10.22034/smsj.2023.173206 FA محمدمهدی پرهیزگار دانشیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران فربد فخرالدین دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-6124-0564 محمدرضا مشایخ استادیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-2366-3822 علی شاه نظری استادیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2022 02 27 Introduction: In today’s high-velocity dynamic environment, product innovation has turned to be a critical element contributing to increased performance and sustained competitive advantage. Despite the vital importance of this issue, empirical studies on product innovation, particularly dynamic capabilities impacting innovation outcomes, are limited. Besides, there are several studies in the extant literature that call for quantitative or qualitative research investigating specific dynamic capabilities that increase innovation performance outcomes. Thus, grounded on dynamic capabilities theory, the present research is aimed at investigating organizational dynamic capabilities that enhance product innovation performance, providing empirical evidence for critical roles of dynamic capabilities in improving product innovation performance outcomes. Methodology: The current study has adopted a qualitative approach to achieve the research objectives while the literature on dynamic capabilities is obsessed with quantitative studies. Specifically, this study has employed semi-structured interviews with 36 managers of Iranian medical equipment manufacturers in order to gather primary data. Also, this research has utilized applied thematic analysis in order to analyse the data. Specifically, the interviews with managers were transcribed and MAXQDA 18.0 was employed to perform thematic coding in three levels, resulting in 600 coded segments. Results and Discussion: The results show that dynamic capabilities play essential roles in improving medical equipment companies’ innovation performance. Specifically, this study reveals that there are 18 sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities that bring about enhanced product innovation performance, thus empowering the companies to respond to innovation opportunities effectively. Concerning the sensing capabilities, the results indicate that medical equipment companies should constantly gather customers and other key decision-makers’ information and conduct various market researches to be aware of market changes. Besides, they should be proactive regarding their intelligence generation practices and adopt an open mind-set to identify opportunities. In respect of seizing capabilities, results indicates that marketing, quality management and branding capabilities are essential to respond to innovation opportunities and the companies should also have high levels of managerial and research and development capabilities. Regarding reconfiguration capabilities, it reveals that the companies should employ their research and development capabilities to upgrade and integrate their resources and routines. Additionally, they should utilize their digital technologies to continuously reconfigure their resources and increase their flexibility seeing that firms with higher levels of agile reconfiguration capabilities benefit from enhanced innovation performance outcomes. Conclusion: From a theoretical point of veiw, this study notably contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory seeing as it identifies specific dynamic capabilities that augment innovation performance. Arguably, the research on dynamic capabilities is in early stages and prior studies in the literature have consistently called for empirical quantitative or qualitative research examining dynamic capabilities that improve firms’ innovation performance. From a managerial perspective, the current study sheds light on a set of dynamic capabilities that brings firms increased innovation outcomes; thus, the resultant findings empower these companies, particularly medical equipment manufacturers, to effectively develop organizational sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities and, in turn, respond to innovation opportunities successfully. در محیط پویای امروز نوآوری محصول عامل کلیدی دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی پایدار است. برخلاف اهمیت بالای نوآوری محصول، مطالعات در این زمینه به‌ویژه دربارۀ قابلیت‌های پویای موثر بر آن بسیار محدود است و در مرحله ابتدایی خود قرار دارد. لذا پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای نظریه قابلیت‌های پویا و با اتخاذ رویکرد تحلیل مضمون کاربردی اقدام به شناسایی قابلیت‌های سازمانی پویای موثر بر عملکرد نوآوری و ارائه الگوی نظری در این زمینه کرده است. یافته‌های حاصل از کدگذاری مضامین 36 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با مدیران شرکت‌های ایرانی در حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی که منتج به 600 بخش کدگذاری شده است، نشان دهنده 18 قابلیت پویای موثر بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول است که در سه دسته قابلیت‌های آگاهی، قابلیت‌های پاسخ‌دهی و قابلیت‌های پیکربندی مجدد طبقه‌بندی شد‌‌ه‌اند. لذا یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نه‌تنها سهمی قابل توجه در توسعه حوزه نظری نوآوری محصول و قابلیت‌های پویا دارد بلکه مدیران شرکت‌های ایرانی، به ویژه برندهای حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی را قادر می سازد از سهم بازار و سودآوری بیشتر بهره‌مند شوند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173206_f306269688e3f58d59edecbc68feba60.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Designing an implementation model for growth hacking strategy for startups طراحی الگوی پیاده‌سازی راهبرد هک رشد برای استارتاپ‌ها 173 193 165683 10.22034/smsj.2023.165683 FA علی شریعت نژاد استادیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران 0000-0001-8609-6960 سید نجم الدین موسوی دانشیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران 0000-0002-6969-7729 هادی رضایی نژاد دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران 0009-0009-1504-7892 Journal Article 2021 12 19 Introduction: In the new age and due to the advancement of technology and increasing changes in the business world, Startup businesses an important role in the economy of any country. This role has led entrepreneurs and business elites to think of new ways to grow and increase sales of these startups. One of the most flexible and agile business models is startups, which researchers refer to as the engines of the national economy. Startups are fast and flexible, have less bureaucracy, and have more motivation to succeed than large corporations. Startups are the beating heart of any economy. In developing countries, the commercial success of these start-ups is an important issue. But despite their continued contribution to economic growth, these companies face many problems, including resource constraints. The high failure rate of startups has led to a waste of resources and capital, so that the failure rate in the early stages of startups is much higher and has put them at high risk. Another limitation is that startups do not have high financial resources and capital, so to survive and succeed in competitive markets, they must use methods that achieve the highest results at a low cost and can attract customers. The growth of startups is significantly associated with economic development at the industrial, national and regional levels through the exploitation of new jobs and job opportunities. But much of the effort of entrepreneurs and innovators to start a business fails, with 9 out of 10 startups failing. Therefore, startups must look for strategies that respond to these limitations. One of these strategies is growth hacking, which is an ambitious attempt to grow the business as one of the most powerful solutions for companies with minimal financial resources. Startups are now using new and powerful methods called growth hacking to achieve maximum growth with astronomical growth at the lowest financial cost. In fact, growth hacking is a marketing strategy that uses analytical thinking and social metrics to expand the technology of startups. Therefore, according to what has been said, the main question of the present study is what is the implementation pattern of growth hacking strategy for startups? In addition, another point that raises the issue of research is the existence of a theoretical vacuum on the subject of growth hacking pattern for startups. Therefore, this study was conducted to design a model for implementing growth hacking strategy for startups. Methodology: The method of research is mixed of qualitative and quantitative but is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data nature and method. The statistical population of this research consists of university faculties in the field of marketing and market management as well as sales and marketing managers of startup co. participating in the research.Therefore, the statistical sample of the study was considered among the members of the community using the snowball sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy of 41 people. In the qualitative part of the data collection tool, the interview is semi-structured, part of which was conducted in person and the other part by telephone with the sample members. To evaluate the validity and reliability of data collection tools in the qualitative part, the content method and theoretical validity and reliability within the intermediary encoder were used, which showed the confirmation of these two indicators. Also, the data collection tool is in the quantitative part of the questionnaire, which was given to the experts in person and by email. Validity and reliability of data collection tools in the quantitative part of content validity and reliability of the retest showed that the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. In this research, coding method and Atlas.ti software were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. For quantitative analysis, interpretive structural modeling method has been used. Also, regarding the startup companies cooperating in the present study, it is necessary to explain that 30 startup companies in Lorestan province have participated in this research. Among the sales and marketing managers of startup companies, 30 of these managers have One person from each company participated in this study. Results and Discussion: The results of this research include presenting the implementation model of growth hacking in four stages of emergence of growth hacking thinking and philosophy, creating grounds for growth hacking, formulating growth hacking strategies and its consequences. The results show that the most important hacking strategies are SEO strategy, digital and electronic marketing, influencer marketing and gamification. Conclusion: The research results include identifying the components related to the implementation of growth hacking strategy and determining the leveling of these factors. The most important components related to the implementation of growth hacking strategy are: SEO strategy, motivating customers to engage with the brand, analytical and creative thinking, persuading and attracting customers, digital and electronic marketing, profitability improvement, statistical skills, coding analysis and programming Critical thinking, influencer marketing and content production for cyberspace, marketing intelligence, increasing market share, customer oriented market thinking, growth mindset, gamification, strengthening the company's competitive position, data analysis and market data-based decision making. After the components related to the implementation of the growth hacking strategy were identified, the structural matrix and internal relationships of the variables were formed. Then the initial matrix was determined and its internal consistency was established. Then, by interpretive structural modeling, the level and priority of variables were determined, and finally, after leveling and determining the relationships, the final model was drawn according to the adapted achievement matrix. In the present study, the implementation of growth hacking strategy is done in four stages: the consequences of growth hacking, growth hacking strategies, areas of growth hacking and thinking and philosophy of growth hacking. با توجه به پیشرفت فناوری و تغییرات روزافزون دنیای کسب‌وکار، استارتاپ‌ها و کسب‌وکارهای نوپا نقش مهمی در اقتصاد هر کشور ایفا می‌کنند. این نقش باعث گردیده که کارآفرینان و نخبگان دنیای کسب‌وکار برای رشد و افزایش فروش این استارتاپ‌ها به روش‌های جدید فکر کنند. هم‌اکنون استارتاپ‌ها از روش‌های نوین و قدرتمندی به نام هک رشد استفاده می‌کنند تا بتوانند از طریق رشد بالا با کم‌ترین هزینه‌های مالی به بیشترین رشد دست پیدا کنند. لذا این پژوهش با هدف طراحی الگوی پیاده‌سازی راهبرد هک رشد برای استارتاپ‌ها انجام گرفت. پژوهش حاضر بر پایه پژوهش آمیخته و به صورت کیفی و کمی در پارادایم قیاسی و استقرایی است و از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت داده‌ها و روش، توصیفی پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش خبرگان، متشکل از اساتید دانشگاه در حوزه بازاریابی و مدیریت بازار و همچنین مدیران فروش و بازاریابی شرکت‌های استارتاپی همکاری کننده در پژوهش هستند. لذا نمونه آماری پژوهش از میان اعضای جامعه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی و بر اساس اصل کفایت نظری، 41 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در بخش کیفی، مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته است که برای سنجش روایی و پایایی آن از روش محتوایی و روایی نظری و پایایی درون کدگذار میان‌گذار استفاده شد. همچنین ابزار گردآوری داده در بخش کمّی پرسشنامه بود که روایی و پایایی آن با روش اعتبار محتوا و پایایی بازآزمون تایید شد. در این پژوهش برای تحلیل داده‌ها در بخش کیفی از روش کدگذاری و نرم‌افزار Atlas.ti و دربخش کمّی از روش مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج این پژوهش شامل ارائه الگوی پیاده‌سازی هک رشد در چهار مرحله پیدایش تفکر و فلسفه هک رشد، ایجاد زمینه‌های هک رشد، تدوین راهبرد‌های هک رشد و پیامدهای آن است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مهمترین راهبرد‌های هک‌رشد، راهبرد سئو، بازاریابی دیجیتالی و الکترونیکی، بازاریابی نفوذ و بازی‌وارسازی هستند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_165683_7149f3bf6ff0fe0a343d62e4dd1e7129.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 The impact of manager’s strategic thinking with entrepreneurial orientation on strategy flexibility تأثیر تفکر استراتژیک مدیران بر انعطاف پذیری استراتژیک شرکت با گرایش کارآفرینانه 195 212 173204 10.22034/smsj.2023.173204 FA فائزه اکبری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران عباسعلی رستگار دانشیار، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران 0000-0001-6834-7682 سیدعباس ابراهیمی استادیار، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران Journal Article 2021 12 10 Introduction: In the last decade, small and medium enterprises have been considered as the main source of job creation and income in countries. These companies are more important because they play an important role in creating employment, increasing growth and economic development in the country. Also, Businesses with creativity and innovation do not shy away from change and use environmental conditions as an opportunity to create a competitive advantage. As a result, it increases flexibility. Therefore, achieving strategic flexibility in an environment where some organizations have not yet found their place in today's complex environment and need an immediate and fundamental change in the organization is important. Managers with strategic thinking can adapt to environmental changes. When managers are in a changing and unpredictable environment, they increase their efforts to adapt to environmental change and find new solutions. Managers of organizations, institutions and companies that want to grow and develop; they need to learn and apply at least some strategic thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of managers 'strategic thinking on the flexibility of SMEs' strategy considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Methodology: The purpose of this study is practical and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive survey that has been done by cross-sectional method. The statistical population of this study is all managers and executives of small and medium enterprises in Semnan province. Since the number of units deployed in this province is more than 1609 units, thus considering the limited statistical population of the statistical sample size of 310 people using Morgan table was considered. On the other hand, the sampling method used in the present study is stratified random sampling. In addition, three standard questionnaires Liedtka (1989) for measuring strategic thinking, Hughes and Morgan (2007) questionnaire for measuring entrepreneurial orientation and for strategic flexibility questionnaire of De Toni & Tonchia (2005) were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to measure reliability. Data analysis in this study was done by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach using SPSS and Smart Pls. Results and Discussion: The findings of the study showed that strategic thinking of managers has a positive and significant effect on strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation also has a significant impact on strategic flexibility. Finally, entrepreneurial orientation mediates the relationship between strategic thinking and strategic flexibility. Conclusion: Entrepreneurial orientation is an active strategic orientation that tends to take an aggressive approach to product innovation. Entrepreneurial orientation responds better to turbulent economies that usually do not follow the rules of competitive markets. Therefore, in order to increase the entrepreneurial tendency of managers and officials, it is suggested to pay attention to improving their capabilities and employees, transferring up-to-date knowledge to employees, encouraging employees to do creative and innovative work and supporting them, increasing the spirit of criticism among them and promoting this Culture in the organization, holding training programs to change attitudes and instill the belief among managers and officials that there are better ways to do things. Managers and executives can increase the company's flexibility by increasing innovation and creativity in the organization, increasing the ability to estimate the immediate needs of customers, responding quickly to market changes. Given that the entrepreneurial orientation means factors such as a bold and independent position to maximize profitability, the desire to carry out new projects and risky programs, courageous and extensive actions to achieve goals, provide new services, introduce new technologies Frequent changes in new services, etc., it can be concluded that the entrepreneurial orientation of CEOs affects the strategic flexibility of companies. In general, it can be concluded that management with an entrepreneurial orientation can improve the performance of the company. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement general training courses related to entrepreneurship using the opinions of entrepreneurs and professors in the field of entrepreneurship, because these programs and training courses should be based on comprehensive characteristics and learning principles and regardless of time constraints. مدیران سازمان‌ها، مؤسسات و شرکت‌هایی که بخواهند رشد و توسعه و بالندگی داشته باشند، باید حداقل مهارت‌های تفکر استراتژیک را یاد گرفته و آن را به کار ببندند. هدف پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر تفکر استراتژیک مدیران با گرایش کارآفرینانه بر انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژی شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط است. پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است که با روش مقطعی انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری را کلیه مدیران و مسئولان شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط شهرک صنعتی استان سمنان تشکیل می‌دهند. از آنجا که تعداد کارکنان واحدهای تولیدیِ استقرار یافته در این استان بالغ بر 1609 نفر است؛ بدین ترتیب با توجه به محدود بودن نمونۀ آماری مطابق قاعدۀ مورگان 310 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده است. برای گردآوری دادهها از سه پرسشنامه استاندارد تفکر استراتژیک لیدکا (1989) برای سنجش تفکر استراتژیک، پرسشنامه هاگس و مورگان (2007) برای سنجش گرایش کارآفرینانه و برای انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژیک از پرسشنامه دی تونی و تونچیا (2005) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در این پژوهش از طریق مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Smart Pls انجام شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که تفکر استراتژیک مدیران بر انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژیک و گرایش کارآفرینانه تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. گرایش کارآفرینانه بر انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژیک تأثیر معناداری دارد. سرانجام گرایش کارآفرینانه رابطۀ بین تفکر استراتژیک و انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژیک را میانجی‌گری می‌کند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173204_b4a465e7e05eb06eca8e6da20dadf8cc.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Cognitive-emotional modeling of integrated advertising مدل‌سازی شناختی-هیجانی تبلیغات یکپارچه 213 244 170069 10.22034/smsj.2023.170069 FA اللهیار قاسمی دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران 0000-0002-1585-790X احمد راه چمنی استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران حمیدرضا سعیدنیا دانشیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2022 05 30 Introduction: The research’s aim is cognitive-emotional modeling of integrated advertising by identifying and discovering cognitive and emotional elements and components in different advertising tools. we achieve a model consisting of different advertising tools, along with identified cognitive and emotional elements. Methodology: The approach of this research is classical Grounded Theory; in this approach, after depth semi-structured interviews with experts and informants in this field, open coding is done while implementing the interviews. Sequential review, review and return to the previous step are the principles of this approach. At this stage, the formation of categories and concepts, which is the main concern of the interviewees and informants, as well as the selective coding that, did to saturate the categories and concepts discovered. In this study, after 16 depth interviews, theoretical saturation obtained. After saturation, sorting takes place; this sorting provides a theoretical blueprint or conceptual framework for formulating classical grounded theory; then in theoretical coding, we conceptualize how categories relate to each other. At this stage, through theoretical codes, we relate the concepts to each other and create a research model. Results and Discussion: After performing the GT’s steps, 113 codes were extracted, which led to the emergence of three categories and nine concepts. These categories include: two-side and friendly communication with the potential customer using the cognitive and emotional elements of the corporate website, which includes four concepts, 1) Designing visual motions and using particles in the corporate website with a focus on Emotional Arousal and Increase cognition (cognitive/emotional). 2) Customer-orientation pop-up design with the aim of expanding two-side and friendly relationships with the role of emotion arousal and intensifying the Cognition of the potential customer(cognitive/emotional). 3) Innovation in organizational color design in the website with the aim of arousing emotion and visual cognition of the organization (cognitive / emotional). Four- Using organizational slogans on the website with the effect of increasing cognition(cognitive). The second category, increasing the effectiveness of the visual cognitive and emotional dimensions of the organization's environmental advertising, has four concepts: 1) Minimal Design and implementation of the organizational logo in environmental advertising with the effect of increasing cognition (cognitive). 2) Innovation in organizational color design in environmental advertising with the aim of arousing emotion and visual cognition of the organization (emotional / cognitive) 3) Using organizational slogans in environmental advertising with the effect of increasing cognition (cognitive). 4) Using a short and sustainable domain name of the website in environmental advertising with an impact on cognition(cognitive). third category, the development of interaction and participation of the audience of the Instagram platform in the dissemination of cognitive and emotional content, including the concept of arousing emotion in the audience using famous personalities in the implementation of content and cognitive impact on the organization. Conclusion: In order to succeed in advertising campaigns, the cognitive and emotional elements discovered in integrated advertising had properly designed and implemented, in order to create and increase attention and cognition along with arousing emotions towards advertising. این پژوهش با هدف، مدل‌سازی شناختی- هیجانی تبلیغات یکپارچه صورت گرفته است. در این پژوهش، با شناسایی و کشف عناصر و مولفه‌های شناختی و هیجانی در ابزارهای مختلف تبلیغاتی، مدلی متشکل از ابزارهای مختلف تبلیغاتی، همراه با عناصر شناختی و هیجانی شناسایی شده‌، تبیین شده است. رویکرد این پژوهش نظریه داده‌بنیاد کلاسیک می‌باشد؛ در این رویکرد بعد از مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته، کدگذاری باز ضمن پیاده‌سازی‌های مصاحبه‌ها، انجام گردید. در این مرحله، شکل‌گیری مقوله‌ها و مفاهیم و همچنین کدگذاری انتخابی که به جهت اشباع مقوله‌ها و مفاهیم کشف شده می‌باشد، صورت می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش پس از ۱۶ مصاحبه، اشباع نظری حاصل شد؛ سپس در کد گذاری نظری، چگونگی ارتباط مقوله‌ها با یکدیگر مفهوم سازی گردید. در این مرحله و از طریق کدهای نظری، مفاهیم به یکدیگر مرتبط و مدل پژوهش ایجاد و تبیین گردید. پس از انجام مراحل بیان شده، ۱۱۳ کد استخراج شده است که منجر به پیدایش سه مقوله‌ ۱) برقراری ارتباط دوسویه و دوستانه با مشتری بالقوه با استفاده از عناصر شناختی و هیجانی وب‌سایت سازمانی، ۲) افزایش اثربخشی ابعاد بصری شناختی و هیجانی تبلیغات محیطی سازمان، و ۳) توسعه تعامل و مشارکت مخاطبان پلتفرم اینستاگرام در انتشار محتوای شناختی و هیجانی، گردیده، این سه مقوله دارای نه مفهوم سازنده می‌باشند. برای موفقیت در کمپین‌های تبلیغاتی، می‌بایست، عناصر شناختی و هیجانی کشف شده در تبلیغات یکپارچه به درستی طرح‌ریزی و اجرا شود، تا همراه با برانگیختی هیجانات نسبت به تبلیغات، باعث ایجاد و افزایش توجه و شناخت گردد.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_170069_95cec0c5d79ae5dca07f3766febbec97.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Presenting the conditions and requirements pattern for the implementation of open strategy ارائه الگوی شرایط و الزامات پیاده‌سازی استراتژی باز 245 264 176423 10.22034/smsj.2022.329303.1623 FA محمد طالاری استادیار، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه، قم، ایران 0000-0001-6346-2630 مرضیه آذربایجانی دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه، قم، ایران Journal Article 2022 02 11 Introduction: Entering the fourth generation of industries with the advent of transformational technologies and the wider use of the Internet and information technology has led organizations to become more and more open approaches in various fields. An open approach to strategy using the IT infrastructure and with the aim of increasing transparency and attracting more participation of stakeholders inside and outside the organization offers a new discourse of strategy creation [40]. Open strategy puts aside all traditional boundaries of the organization and moves in a clear direction with a new approach. This strategy refers to strategic methods that are mostly comprehensive and transparent and include a wider range of internal and external actors than closed and traditional methods of strategy development [49]. In fact, this view of open strategy states that open strategy is a dynamic set of methods that enable internal and external factors of the organization to have more transparency, cooperation and flexibility, and more balance and scope. To be achieved within the organization as well as outside the organization [48]. Methodology: In order to obtain research objective, a qualitative approach used. The strategy of this research is grounded theory and the purpose of descriptive research and data collection method is semi-structured interview. The statistical population of the research is experts in the field of strategic management who have experienced at least once in strategic planning projects. The sampling method is purposeful and theoretical. In this method, the coding process begins immediately after the first interview and based on that, it decides where and who obtained the next data to develop the emerging theory [16]. Based on the coding done in the tenth interview, we reached a theoretical saturation, but to ensure the interviews continued until the 12th interview. Results and Discussion: Research results show the increasing stakeholder participation and involvement in strategic planning processes can create 1) new knowledge, 2) strategy acceptance and 4) strategy commitment to implementation. Then the quality of strategic decisions will be upgrade, but the implementation of this approach within the organization and different levels of strategy are definitely a challenging task for organizations [41] and require special requirements inside and outside the organization. Results show that the central category of research is the implementation of open strategy, which includes a set of conditions and requirements for the implementation of open strategy that need to realized for the proper implementation of this strategy. These requirements include the following: Strategic agreement, strategic review, idea acquisition process, strategic culture building, strategic discourse building, strategic cognition, and development of appropriate communication technologies, strategic preparation and support, strategic fit. Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements for the implementation of open strategy, which has stated the necessary conditions for the implementation of open strategy. In this research, using the apparent approach (Glaser) and through interviews with research experts, 9 categories (strategic agreement, strategic review, idea acquisition process, strategic culture building, strategic discourse, strategic cognition, and strategic communication technologies), Strategic readiness and support, and strategic appropriateness) extracted as requirements for the implementation of open strategy. These categories include 19 components and 80 open codes. Involvement of internal and external stakeholders can provide the conditions for successful implementation by implementing a clear understanding of the requirements and conditions for the implementation of open strategy and the importance of these conditions in the process of opening organizations. Open strategy, through information transparency within the organization, stakeholder participation and cooperation and the use of information technology tools, witness the alignment with environmental changes, improve the overall quality of decisions, better management, balance of development and implementation Strategies, improving innovation processes and improving the overall performance of the organization. Managers can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations with a strategic process. Research in this area often focuses on the concept of open strategy [7, 52] and its challenges and benefits [1, 4], and less research has been done on the requirements of open strategy implementation. In their research, Amrollahi and Rolandes (2015) and (2018) sought to design a method for open strategy planning that is consistent with the present study in terms of the process approach they have in their research. Dubois and Kepler (2017) in their study emphasize the opening of strategy through communities that supports the process of strategic discourse in this study. با توجه به تغییر روند استراتژی، تغییر و تحول سریع دانش و کارآمدی کمتر رویکردهای سنتی به استراتژی، لازم است تا سازمان‌ها برای بقاء به جمعآوری پیوستۀ داده‌های مناسب از محیط خارجی و داخلی و تبدیل آنها به استراتژیهایی کارآمد اقدام کنند و رویکرد جدیدی را در پیادهسازی استراتژی‌های خود اتخاذ نمایند. استراتژی باز، رویکردی برای گشودن مرزهای مستحکم سازمان و به جریان انداختن دانش از طریق ذی‌نفعان داخلی و خارجی است تا سازمان‌ها از این طریق بتوانند با افزایش مشارکت و شفافیت اطلاعات و استفاده از ابزارهای فناوری اطلاعات به ایده‌های استراتژیک بیشتر و کارآمدتری دست پیدا کنند. به‌کارگیری این رویکرد الزامات خاصی را میطلبد. از این‌رو هدف این پژوهش شناسایی الزامات پیاده‌سازی استراتژی باز در قالب الگویی نظاممند است. در این راستا تحقیق از نظر فلسفه پژوهش تفسیری و توسعه‌ای است. رویکرد آن استقرایی، روششناسی کیفی و روش گردآوری داده‌ها میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای است. راهبرد این پژوهش نظریه داده‌بنیاد است و با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد ظاهرشونده (گلیزری) که از طریق مصاحبه عمیق با 12 نفر از خبرگان برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها شامل 9 مقوله (توافق استراتژیک، بازنگری استراتژیک، فرآیندسازی جذب ایده، فرهنگ‌سازی استراتژیک، گفتمانسازی استراتژیک، شناخت استراتژیک، فناوری‌های ارتباطی استراتژیک، آمادگی و حمایت استراتژیک و تناسب استراتژیک) است. در نتیجه سازمان‌ها با شناخت این الزامات می‌توانند زمینه‌ای را برای پیاده‌سازی استراتژی باز فراهم آورند و در این زمینه تصمیمات لازم و مناسب با این رویکرد را اتخاذ نمایند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_176423_fb722eb44a70847d16d96ffe1872826f.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Designing an open innovation pattern for the Iranian gold industry طراحی الگوی نوآوری باز صنعت طلای ایران 265 290 173208 10.22034/smsj.2023.311124.1560 FA حبیب زارع احمدآبادی دانشیار، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران علی کریمی زارچی دانش آموخته دکتری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران سید حبیب الله میرغفوری دانشیار، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران سیدحیدر میرفخرالدینی استاد، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران علی صفّاری‌دربرزی استادیار، مجتمع آموزش عالی بم، بم، ایران 0000-0002-0933-1629 Journal Article 2021 10 20 Introduction: Open innovation has been widely discussed in the management of the innovation literature over the past decade, which has led to the increasing recognition of its benefits, including the use of knowledge inputs to accelerate domestic innovation and expanding the market for using innovation in small and medium company. Better understanding of the stimulus, shaping, and consequence variables of open innovation can help to better explain the relationships between them and thus better plan open innovative actions. The policy of companies to expand innovative activities depends on identifying the position of its factors and drivers in their internal and external environment. In this regard, considering the gaps in the Iranian gold industry, a comprehensive pattern of open innovation was developed based on systematic review of articles and thematic analysis. This process was performed by identifying all the variables affecting the open innovation pattern in the Iranian gold industry and analyzing the relationships between them, as well as identifying the effects of open innovation on performance indicators. Methodology: Tht research type is qualitative one with exploratory-explanatory nature in which the systematic review of research literature, meta-synthesis approach and thematic analysis have been used.In this regard, by carefully studying the existing resources at the international and national level in the field of open innovation, has identified the most important influential and influential factors in the open innovation process. Then, using the qualitative method (meta-synthesis approach), the identified factors were coded and modified and the relationships between them were identified in order to draw the initial pattern of innovation. Then, in order to adapt the identified framework specifically to the reality of Iran's gold industry, in line with the thematic analysis method, semi-structured interviews with gold industry experts designed and conducted. The results of these steps led to the identification of new variables, their coding and classification into new concept codes. By merging and categorizing the factors, final categories identified and by examining the relationships between them, an open innovation pattern in the Iranian gold industry developed and important influential and influential factors identified in the pattern. Results and Discussion: Based on the seven steps of meta-synthesis after passing through several layers of 54 articles evaluation from 3151 initial ones which chosen by careful content review and for identifying desired variables and semantic units. In this regard, 25 concept codes extracted and after examining their validation by help of subject matter experts, the relationships between them also induced from scientific texts and drawn in a conceptual framework. Then, in order to implement the identified framework in the gold industry of Iran, semi-structured interviews with the experts of the gold industry of Iran designed and conducted, which led to the identification of 11 new and specific factors for the gold industry. By merging and categorizing the factors, 34 final categories identified and by examining the relationships among them, the open innovation pattern in the gold industry of Iran developed and important influential and influential factors identified in the pattern. Conclusion: Based on the type of relationships between factors using experts, it found that some factors have a more pivotal role and have a higher impact on other factors, which indicates their key and influential role in the pattern. Among these, three key factors including mediating institutionalization, manager variability and trust building factor in cooperation and partnerships with high impact and relationships identified in the pattern. In the meantime, by examining more closely the relationship between these three key factors, it shows that the two key factors of mediating institutionalization, the variability of their managers, directly affect the other key factor, which is building trust in cooperation and partnership, and strengthen. By analyzing the subsequent relationships, the factor of building trust in cooperation and partnership, we will see the impact of this factor on the factors of identifying knowledge resources and empowering managers and ultimately the impact of all of them on open innovation in the gold industry. Finally, by examining the final pattern and considering the importance of the mediating institutionalization variable in directly affecting the three influential variables in the pattern, it suggeste that science and technology parks and related unions and universities support the establishment of research institutions. Intermediary companies in various fields of education, research, services and technology to provide specialized services to this industry, to solve this convergent circle and thus strengthen open innovation in it. In addition, institutions related to holding specialized training courses in the gold industry, encouraging managers to participate in empowerment and development programs such as conferences, specialized meetings and visiting specialized exhibitions can strengthen the variability of managers, to further witness Increase trust in joint activities and efforts to identify and use new knowledge resources by companies. In addition, by strengthening the two factors of mediating institutionalization and variability by the relevant institutions, it is possible to strengthen the factor of building trust in cooperation and partnerships. In addition, the establishment of supporting institutions, such as the establishment of gold industrial development clusters, can increase trust-building processes in this industry and help develop open innovation in the Iranian gold industry. The results also show the direct and indirect impact of all extracted factors on open innovation and of course their effect on open innovation performance, which includes the company's performance including financial and non-financial performance and innovative performance including innovation penetration, innovation volume and scope of impact. نوآوری باز، طی دهۀ گذشته به‌طور گسترده‌ای در پیشینه مدیریت نوآوری مورد بحث بوده است. این امر موجب شناسایی هرچه بیشتر مزایای آن گردیده است، نظیر استفاده از ورودی‌های دانش برای تسریع نوآوری‌های داخلی و گسترش بازار برای استفاده‌های خارجی از نوآوری در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط. هدف این پژوهش، دستیابی به الگوی ساختاری نوآوری باز برای صنعت طلای ایران با بررسی عوامل تأثیرپذیر و تأثیرگذار و تبیین چگونگی روابط میان آن‌هاست. پژوهش از نوع کیفی با ماهیت اکتشافی ـ تبیینی است و از رویکردهای مرور نظام‌مند پیشینه پژوهش و فراترکیب و تحلیل مضمون بهره گرفته است. در این خصوص، از بین 3151 مقالۀ اولیه، 54 مقاله پس از گذر از لایه‌های متعدد ارزیابی، مورد بررسی محتوایی قرار گرفته و متغیرها و واحدهای معنایی مورد نظر شناسایی شده است. سپس 25 کد مفهومی اولیه، استخراج و پس از اعتبارسنجی آن با خبرگان، روابط میان آن‌ها نیز از متون علمی استنتاج شد و در یک الگوی مفهومی ترسیم گردید. در ادامه برای تطبیق الگوی مذکور در صنعت طلا، مصاحبه‌هایی نیمه‌ساختارمند با خبرگان صنعت طلا طرح‌ریزی و اجرا شد، که این اقدامات منجر به شناسایی 11 عامل جدید و اختصاصی برای صنعت طلا گردید. با ادغام و دسته‌بندی عامل‌ها، 34 مقولۀ نهایی شناسایی و با بررسی روابط بین آن‌ها، الگو نوآوری باز در صنعت طلا تدوین و عامل‌های مهم تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر در الگو شناسایی گردید. همچنین، در این میان سه عامل کلیدی شامل نهادسازی میانجی، تغییرپذیری مدیران و عامل اعتمادسازی در همکاری و مشارکت‌ها، تأثیرگذارترین عوامل‌ در الگو شناسایی شدند که علاوه بر تاثیر بر روی دیگر عوامل‌ موجب تقویت نوآوری باز و در نتیجه تقویت متغیرهای عملکردی می‌گردند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173208_617ee761bc8d95fbca3e087602504ebd.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Comparative study of care expenditures for private and public health بررسی تطبیقی مخارج خصوصی و عمومی مراقبت‌های سلامتی 291 313 173203 10.22034/smsj.2023.173203 FA سمیرا متقی استادیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران یگانه موسوی جهرمی استاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران علی زندی کریم خانی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2021 10 19 Introduction: Health is one of the most important factors of human capital. Health affects labor supply both qualitatively (higher productivity) and quantitatively (not missing working days due to illness). Most countries have experienced a rapid growth in their health care costs in the past years. But nfortunately, some countries still think that any activity in the field of improving health will increase costs It should be noted that the skilled workforce can be the focus of development and increase production when it has physical health and a cheerful spirit. Although health expenses and then human capital play a significant role in the development of societies, however, the factors affecting health expenses and the impact of each of its constituent factors have not been well investigated and analyzed.Therefore, according to the increasing growth of the expenses of this sector, it seems important to identify the components that affect the health expenses.Therefore, in order to properly plan in the health-economic fields, one should have a precise and accurate understanding of the factors affecting health expenditures.The same subject led the current research to investigate the comparative-comparative factors affecting private and public health care expenditures in selected developed and developing countries. Methodology: This research used time series data for the period 2000-2019 and based on the panel data method, the variables affecting health expenditure for the private and public sectors of 15 selected developed countries including: Switzerland, Australia , Canada, Netherlands, Singapore, Germany, Sweden, Italy, USA, Norway, France, Japan, Denmark, Austria and Belgium; And also 15 selected developing countries including: Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, China, Serbia, Ukraine, Peru, Lebanon, Panama, Albania, Armenia, Cuba, Mexico and Costa Rica will be analyzed and investigated. Variables of gross domestic product (GDP), life expectancy (EXP), population over 65 years old (POP), population under 14 years old (age), urbanization rate (URB), literacy rate (EDU), out-of-pocket payments (OOP) And foreign aid (ODA) is one of the influencing factors on health care expenses in this research. Also, the statistics and figures used in this research were extracted from the World Bank and the World Atlas (Knoema). Results and Discussion: The variable coefficient of GDP, which is one of the effective variables in private and public health care expenditures in developed and developing countries, is positive and significant; the estimated coefficient of life expectancy variable is positive and significant.The impact of the variable population over 65 years old in developed and developing countries in both private and public sectors has been positive and significant.Also, the population under 14 years of age in both groups of developed and developing countries had a negative and significant relationship with health care expenditures in both private and public sectors; Also, the variable impact of urbanization rate in developed and developing countries has been positive and significant in both private and public sectors;The effect of the out-of-pocket variable has been negative and significant in developed countries and positive and significant in developing countries .And the variable coefficient of foreign aid in developing countries is negative and significant. And finally, the results of this study showed that there is no significant statistical relationship between the literacy rate and health costs. Conclusion: Considering the share of public and private sectors in health expenditures in developing countries, governments, as the largest public institution, should take the necessary measures to increase the share of public sector in health expenditures. اغلب کشورهای جهان در سالهای گذشته رشد سریعی را در هزینه‌های مراقبت سلامت خود تجربه کرده‌اند. با توجه به رشد فزاینده هزینه‌های این بخش، تشخیص مؤلفه‌های موثر بر مخارج بهداشتی امری مهم به‌نظر می‌رسد. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تطبیقی مخارج مراقبت‌های بهداشتی خصوصی و عمومی در کشورهای منتخب توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه است. داده‌ها از نوع تلفیقی (پانل) در قالب 15 کشور توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه برای دوره زمانی 2000-2019 است و بر آن اساس متغیرهای موثر بر مخارج حوزه سلامت برای هر دو بخش خصوصی و عمومی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متغیرهای تولید ناخالص داخلی، امید به زندگی، جمعیت بالای 65 سال و نرخ شهرنشینی در هر دو گروه از خصوصی و عمومی در کشورهای منتخب اثری مثبت و معنادار بر مخارج مراقبت بهداشتی داشته، امّا جمعیت زیر 14 سال در هر دو گروه کشورها ارتباط منفی و معنادار با مخارج مراقبت‌های بهداشتی در هر دو بخش داشته است؛ همچنین متغیر پرداخت از جیب در کشورهای توسعه یافته منفی و معنادار و در کشورهای در حال توسعه مثبت و معنادار بوده است و ضریب متغیر کمک‌های خارجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه منفی و معنادار است و در نهایت طبق یافته‌ها ارتباط معناداری بین نرخ باسوادی با هزینه‌های سلامت وجود ندارد. با توجه به سهم بخش عمومی و بخش خصوصی از مخارج بهداشتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه یافته، دولت‌ها در نقش بزرگ‌ترین نهاد عمومی، باید اقدامات لازم را در جهت افزایش سهم بخش عمومی از مخارج بهداشتی انجام دهند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_173203_4e0166622c8c44bb2ca12371985bdef1.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Pattern making the development of industrial clusters الگویابی توسعه خوشه‌های صنعتی 315 332 119655 10.22034/smsj.2020.119655 FA سید مهدی منیری دانشجوی دکتری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران محمد علی عبدالوند استادیار، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران کامبیز حیدرزاده دانشیار، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2020 09 27 Introduction: The competitiveness of the global market is considered as a challenge for employment. Individual institutions cooperate by creating opportunities for further development in clusters. Clusters appear as a suitable combination structure of cooperation and competition. Clusters are becoming a modern way to collaborate in both for-profit and non-profit organizations. Successful clusters increase the efficiency of individual companies and economic development in many countries. One of the important clusters and small and medium industries in Iran is the plastic industry, and especially the very important position of this industry is due to the presence of petrochemical companies that form the raw materials and feed of this industry. A large share of the economy and employment of developing countries is related to small and medium industries, and the plastic industry is one of these industries, and having a development pattern for these industries can open the way for its development. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present the development pattern of plastic industrial cluster in Iran. Methodology: The method of research is qualitative in terms of data nature and developmental in terms of aims. The research participants consisted of 12 managers, marketing management professors and plastic industry owners, and the end of sampling was determined using theoretical saturation. Also, the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and to achieve the validity and reliability of the study, the criteria of validity and reliability were used in the research stages in order to achieve maximum certainty. Therefore, for the validity and reliability of the analysis of the interviews, it was checked several times in different time periods and it was confirmed with minor changes. The analysis of information and data was also done using the theme technique and through MAXQDA software. Results and Discussion: The results show that the development indicators of Iran's plastic industrial cluster include "supply of raw materials (creation and identification of recycling units; center for supply, supply and distribution of raw materials; formation of raw material supply network)", "supply of machinery (design and mold "Building; benefiting from new technologies; supporting the production of domestic technologies)", "Development of sales and exports (marketing; product quality; branding)", "Government institutions (legal support; cooperation; financial support) ) "," Business service providers (after-sales service; manpower training; responsibility) "and" company management (having technical and specialized knowledge; time management; planning; communication skills; Influence and influence). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, one of the indicators of the development of the plastic industry cluster is "supply of raw materials". A plastic unit needs to identify recycling units, raw material procurement and distribution center, and also form a raw material supply network for quick and convenient access to materials and reduce costs. Another indicator that has been identified for the development pattern of the country's plastic industry cluster is "supply of machinery". Providing machines refers to designing and molding, benefiting from new technologies and supporting technology production inside the country. "Sales and export development" is one of the indicators identified for the country's plastic industry cluster development pattern. Therefore, marketing, increasing product quality and branding of manufactured products can help to develop sales and exports. Another indicator identified for the country's plastic industry cluster development pattern is "government institutions". Through legal support, cooperation with plastic product manufacturing units and financial support, government institutions can help this industry in the development of employment and income generation. Another identified indicator for the plastic industry development pattern is "business service providers". This index is formed through the provision of after-sales services, training of human resources and responsibility. The important and final indicator identified for the development model of the country's plastic industry cluster is "company management". Company management with technical and specialized knowledge, time management, planning, communication skills, influence and influence among employees, including accepting criticism, standing up for the right, accepting mistakes, not justifying one's work when mistakes are made, having high self-confidence, Courage has been identified as an important indicator that many problems of the plastic industry can be solved with competent and successful management. Therefore, it is suggested; a. In order to supply raw materials, the map of recycling units in the whole country should be provided to plastic production units, and centers should be established for the procurement, supply and distribution of raw materials, and to facilitate access to raw materials and reduce the costs of production units in purchasing. Raw materials, the supply network of raw materials should be formed in the centers of the provinces. b. In order to provide machines for production units from knowledge-based companies, university theses in the field of design and mold-making, benefit from new technologies and support domestic technology production should be used. c. By employing specialized and highly educated managers, as well as training specialized and replacement forces in companies and production units, he selected capable managers for the development of the units. سهم بزرگی از اقتصاد و اشتغال کشورهای درحال توسعه مربوط به صنایع کوچک و متوسط است که صنعت پلاستیک هم یکی از این صنایع به حساب میآید و برخورداری از یک الگوی توسعه برای این صنایع میتواند راهگشای توسعه آن گردد. لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارائه الگوی توسعه خوشه صنعتی پلاستیک با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی میباشد. روش پژوهش به لحاظ ماهیت داده از نوع کیفی و روش تحلیل محتوا است.‏ مشارکتکنندگان پژوهش را مدیران، اساتید و صاحبان مشاغل واحدهای پلاستیکی به تعداد 12 نفر پس از اشباع نظری و بهصورت هدفمند معیاری تشکیل می‌داد. گردآوری دادهها از طریق مصاحبه نیمهساختارمند و تجزیه ‌و تحلیل اطلاعات از طریق تکنیک مضمون انجام شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد شاخصهای توسعه خوشه صنعتی پلاستیک ایران شامل «تأمین مواد اولیه (ایجاد و شناسایی واحدهای بازیافت؛ مرکز تهیه، تأمین و توزیع مواد اولیه؛ تشکیل شبکه تامین مواد اولیه)»، «تأمین ماشینآلات(طراحی و قالبسازی؛ بهرهمندی از تکنولوژیهای نوین؛ حمایت از تولید تکنولوژی‌های داخلی)»، «توسعه فروش و صادرات(بازاریابی؛ کیفیت کالا؛ برندسازی)»، «نهادهای دولتی (حمایت قانونی؛ همکاری؛ حمایت مالی)»، «ارائهدهندگان خدمات کسب و کار(خدمات پس از فروش؛ آموزش نیروی انسانی؛ مسئولیتپذیری)» و «مدیریت شرکت(برخورداری از دانش فنی و تخصصی؛ مدیریت زمان؛ برنامهریزی؛ مهارت ارتباطی؛ اثرگذاری و نفوذ)» است. استفاده و پیاده‌سازی شاخص‌ها و مضامین شناسایی شده در صنعت پلاستیک می‌تواند توسعه و صادرات محصولات این صنعت را در منطقه به همراه داشته باشد.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_119655_cd0974edbc2dfd5e54cd77704da6ac32.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 14 54 2023 06 22 Explaining and developing the culture of the tax collection force and its consequences تبیین و توسعۀ فرهنگ نیروی وصول مالیات و پیامدها 233 255 134686 10.22034/smsj.2021.134686 FA فاطمه پولادی دانشجوی دکتری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران مهناز ربیعی استادیار، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران اسماعیل کاوسی استاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران بهرام علیشیری استادیار، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران خلیل سعیدی استادیار، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران Journal Article 2021 05 22 Introduction: The aim’s study is to provide a model to examine the factors affecting the culture of tax collection force and its consequences in the Tax Administration. To achieve this aim, the Tax Administration need to have the expertise high quality of the employees. In this regard, managers often attribute the success of the organization to the culture of the organizational dynamic culture based on innovation, teamwork and empowerment of its employees. Methodology: The paper’s method is a mixed one (first qualitative and then quantitative). In the first part, the foundation data theory was used; through which the theory is formed based on the main concepts derived from the data. In the qualitative part, using the data theory of the foundation derived from Strauss and Corbin theory and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with tax experts, the model of tax collection force culture in the country's tax organization and its affiliated departments in the form of 43 concepts, 8 subcategories and 4 main categories and analyzed and extracted. Then, based on the process model and legal statements obtained from the first stage, research hypotheses are formulated and at the level of branches of the General Directorate of Taxation across the country by cluster sampling, a sample of 360 employees of the branches of the General Directorate of Tax Affairs throughout the country using It was selected from Cochran's formula and tested. This research is also a kind of exploratory research. The test of the model was performed using structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (in the quantitative part) and according to the data obtained with the help of software (Smart PLS). Results and Discussion: Based on results the variables of competitive environment and change in business parameters have a positive and significant effect on the culture of tax collection force in the tax administration and its affiliates and its establishment has consequences related to the tax system, taxpayers and It has employees. In the second part, in addition to confirming the validity of the model, all the hypotheses were confirmed. Dimensions and indicators related to each of the factors in the research findings are presented. Conclusion: In order to create a competitive environment in the General Administration of Taxation across the country need to have enriching the jobs and taxpayers for more diverse services, thus the performance of the tax collection force culture and related mechanisms has become extremely important. Build a strong school-based revenue culture based on focused service delivery as well as a core team among their office staff and improve the quality of their services day by day. Due to the conditions of the Iranian tax system, no careful studies have been conducted on the subculture of the tax collection force in the tax system and the country's tax affairs organization. There seems to be a significant gap in this area. In this regard, studying the culture of the tax collection force in the Tax Affairs Organization as a large financial intermediary organization and an important income is a step towards transparency and a deeper understanding of this issue. Accordingly, in this study, the dimensions of the culture of tax collection force in the Tax Affairs Organization of the country consisting of 4 categories and 22 concepts, causal conditions including 2 categories and 1 concept and the consequences of its establishment consisting of three categories and one concept were identified. In the second part of the research, by using the partial least squares technique, explain the structure and indices of research’s model, by testing the hypotheses, the results showed the validity and generalizability of the research model. رقابت در نظام مالیاتی مبتنی بر توانایی کارکنان سازمان امورمالیاتی برای ارائه خدمات باکیفیت بالا به مؤدیان است مدیران وصول اغلب موفقیت سازمان را مدیون فرهنگ آن میدانند؛ فرهنگی که مبتنی برنوآوری، کارتیمی و توان‌مندسازی است. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش، تبیین و توسعۀ فرهنگ نیروی وصول مالیات و پیامدهای آن درسازمان امورمالیاتی کشور است. روش پژوهش حاضر آمیخته (ابتدا کیفی و بعدکمی) است در بخش اول از نظریه داده بنیاد استفاده شد. ابزار جمعآوری داده‌ها در این بخشکیفی انجام مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان مالیاتی فرهنگ نیروی وصول مالیات درسازمان امورمالیاتی کشور و ادارات کل تابعه آن است. لذا 43 شاخص، 8 بُعد و 4 مقوله اصلی استخراج، و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. سپس براساس مدل فرآیندی و گزاره‌های حکمی مرحله اول، فرضیه‌های پژوهش تدوین و در سطح شعب ادارات کل امورمالیاتی به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای، نمونهای از کارکنان شعب ادارات کل سازمان امورمالیاتی با استفاده از فرمول‌کوکران انتخاب و (با حجم نمونه 360 تایی) انتخاب و مورد پیمایش و آزمون قرارگرفت. این پژوهش نوعی پژوهش اکتشافی نیز تلقی میشود. آزمون فرضیه‌ها از معادلات ساختاری و حداقل مربعات جزیی با توجه به دادههای تحقیق به کمک نرم افزار(Smart PLS) صورت گرفت.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_134686_a33b19587071c7e1c11a159fb2d066f2.pdf