انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Strategic Control model for implementing Digital Banking in Iranian Banking System الگوی کنترل راهبردی برای استقرار بانکداری دیجیتال در نظام بانکی ایران 1 19 133676 10.22034/smsj.2022.133676 FA فاطمه انیسی دانشکده مدیریت خوارزمی، تهران، ایران سید کاظم چاوشی استادیار، عضو هیات علمی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal Article 2021 01 05 Aim and Introduction: Banking industry today is facing a great increase in competition as well as other industries and it moving toward newer banking methods to get along with technological improvements in order to create competitive advantages, is an undeniable necessity. Researches show that the banking method is changing from traditional banking to digital banking. Digital banking means to digitalize all steps and processes done by banks and monetary institutes which used to be done for the customer only possible by customer’s physical presence in the physical bank. Methodology: The main purpose of this project is to present a strategic control system to implementation digital banking in Iranian banking system. This research is considered as a Descriptive correlation with fieldwork strategy which is to assess this very goal. The statistical population of this study includes all experts and thinkers in the field of banking who, for example, 202 out of 300 experts answered the researcher-made questionnaire of twenty research questions as a data collection tool after ensuring its validity and reliability. Data analysis is done by Structural equation model with the partial least squares approach through Smart PLS 3.2 and SPSS 26 software. The research findings while confirming the necessity of a strategic control system and presenting it for evaluation and monitoring in the banking system to achieve the goal of establishing digital banking in the Iranian banking system indicate that appropriate strategic control should be selected according to the type of strategic formulation and implementation. Findings:The activities and programs include : depositing , harvesting and transfer of money, account management, loan management, billing ,accounting services. Other expectations from digital banking can be directed to management of all assets, calls for credit cards online or via mobile phone , credit card, virtual prepayment for safe payments, The loan demand is totally online or via mobile phone, text-based payments , payment via cell phone in stores and taxis , products and personal services , the existence of a remote financial consultant. In times of crisis, the spread of Corona disease in the world many businesses, including banks , about the importance of telecommuting and providing remote services to customers and expanding telecommunications to reduce face-to-face communication and prevent the transmission of diseases and the need to encourage customers ,employees and chains They are aware of the need to turn to digital channels and new ways of working and providing services, and the need for this has created an opportunity for banks to take rapid steps towards digital transformation and the implementation of digital banking. While the establishment of digital banking and the conversion of banks into digital banks, given the benefits of reducing the cost of activities, which leads to a reduction in the cost of services and products in all sectors of the economy and increasing the productivity of the whole economy. The emergence of economic cycles and the need to increase productivity and profitability, have led banks to better manage their assets and with the introduction of new technologies in addition to the transformation of banking models, new businesses in the field of financial technology or fintechs that form part of the market share of services will target finance and banking. To implementation the digital banking in Iranian banking system, it is necessary to have a strategic control system. That is because problems in the performance of strategies are due to weaknesses of controlling systems. Strategic control is performed to control the setting up and implementing the strategy which within contains the change management and that gives a clear understanding of organization’s internal matters and awareness of the changes of the surroundings leading the managers to make better decisions. In order to correctly and effectively guide such huge transformation with deep effects over the society, it is necessary to have some strategic model. The model ensures the effectiveness and quality of the digital transformation strategy, its long-term effectiveness, the follow up of the banking system to run the road map of digital transformation according to higher ranking documents, step by step implementation of the road map and achievement of predetermined targets. Discussion and Conclusion:Strategic control helps managers to take into account environmental changes such as changes in competition, changes in technological innovations, changes in customer preferences, changes in investment trends, etc., which can affect the development of the country's banking system. Digital Banking Given the environmental opportunities affecting the field of banking (such as opportunities in technological developments, social, political, legislative, economic and international trends) It can improve the weakness of the country's banking (such as weakness in processes, technology, knowledge, human resources and financial products). Therefore , the kind of strategy of digital banking is conservative , and banks must refrain from placing in conditions that have high risk . The types of goals of »future banking and digital transformation« are conservative , that is , the document aims to address the weaknesses of the banking system using the opportunities available in it .As a result after offering strategic control system to implementation digital banking in Iranian banking system, the connection among strategic control type (formulation and implementation) with strategic setup type (style) and environmental changes as the research’s main hypothesis and six other subsidiary hypothesis of the research through the implement of statistic examinations and a strong GOF formula was confirmed. امروزه بانکداری نیز همچون سایر صنایع در جهان شاهد افزایش رقابت در صنعت خود بوده ‌‌است و حرکت به‌ سوی شیوه‌های نوین بانکداری در قالب تحول دیجیتال همسو با پیشرفت‌های فناورانه، جهت ایجاد مزیت رقابتی، ضرورتی غیرقابل‌انکار است. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت نشان می‌دهد؛ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎﻧﮑﺪاری از بانکداری سنتی ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ بانکداری دیجیتال در حال تغییر است. بانکداری دیجیتال به معنای «دیجیتالی‌کردن کلیه برنامه‌ها و فعالیت‌های انجام شده توسط بانک‌ها و موسسات‌مالی» است که پیش از این تنها در شعب فیزیکی، در اختیار مشتریان قرار می‌گرفت. این فعالیت‌ها و برنامه‌ها شامل: سپرده‌گذاری، برداشت و انتقال پول، مدیریت حساب، مدیریت وام، پرداخت صورتحساب، خدمات حسابداری می‌شوند.. در شرایط بحران شیوع بیماری کرونا در دنیا، بسیاری از کسب‌وکارها از جمله بانک‌ها نسبت به اهمیت انجام دورکاری و ارائه خدمات غیرحضوری به مشتریان و گسترش ارتباطات از راه دور جهت کاهش ارتباطات حضوری و جلوگیری از انتقال انواع بیماری‌ها و ضرورت ترغیب مشتریان، کارکنان و زنجیره‌های تامین به روی آوردن به کانال‌های دیجیتال و شیوه‌های جدید کاری و خدمات‌رسانی واقف بروز چرخه‌های اقتصادی و نیاز به افزایش بهره‌وری و سودآوری، بانک‌ها را به سمت مدیریت بهتر دارایی‌های خود سوق داده و با ورود فناوری‌های جدید علاوه بر تحول مدل‌های بانکداری، کسب‌وکارهای جدید نیز در حوزه فناوری مالی یا فین‌تک‌ها را شکل می‌دهد که بخشی از سهم بازار خدمات مالی و بانکی را هدف قرار خواهند داد. به منظور استقرار بانکداری دیجیتال در نظام بانکی ایران، وجود یک سیستم کنترل راهبردی ضروریست زیرا که مشکلات اجرای راهبرد، عموما ناشی از ضعف نظام‌های کنترلی است. کنترل راهبردی به منظور کنترل تدوین و کنترل اجرای راهبرد انجام می‌شود که در بطن خود مدیریت تغییر را به همراه دارد که موجب شناخت مفیدی از موضوعات درون سازمان و آگاهی‌های لازم نسبت به تغییرات محیط بیرونی می‌شود و به مدیران در تصمیم‌گیری‌های بهتر یاری می‌رساند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارائه سیستم کنترل راهبردی برای استقرار بانکداری دیجیتال در نظام بانکی ایران است. پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی همبستگی با راهبرد تحقیق میدانی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه خبرگان و صاحبنظران در حوزه بانکداری هستند که به عنوان نمونه تعداد 202 نفر از بین 300 نفر خبره به پرسشنامه محقق‌ساز بیست سوالی پژوهش به عنوان ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پس از اطمینان از روایی و پایایی آن، پاسخ دادند. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری تاییدی با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی و با کمک نرم افزار 3.2 Smart PLS و نرم‌افزار SPSS 26 انجام شد. یافته‌های پژوهش ضمن تایید ضرورت وجود یک سیستم کنترل راهبردی و ارائه آن به منظور ارزیابی و پایش در نظام بانکی جهت تحقق هدف استقرار بانکداری دیجیتال در نظام بانکی ایران بیانگر آن است که به تناسب نوع تدوین و اجرای راهبردی می‌باید کنترل راهبردی مناسب انتخاب شود. بانکداری دیجیتال با توجه به فرصت‌های محیطی تاثیرگذار بر حوزه بانکداری (نظیر فرصت‌های موجود در تحولات فناوری، روندهای اجتماعی، سیاسی، قانون‌گذاری، اقتصادی و بین‌المللی) می‌تواند ضعف موجود در بانکداری کشور (مانند ضعف در فرآیندها، فناوری، دانش، منابع انسانی و محصولات مالی) را بهبود ببخشد بنابراین نوع راهبرد بانکداری دیجیتال محافظه‌کارانه است نوع اهداف سند «بانکداری آینده و تحول دیجیتالی» هم محافظه‌کارانه است یعنی بنظر می‌رسد اهداف سند نیز در جهت رفع نقاط ضعف نظام بانکی با بهره‌گیری از فرصت‌های موجود در آن تدوین شده‌اند. در نتیجه در این پژوهش پس از ارائه سیستم کنترل راهبردی برای استقرار بانکداری دیجیتال در نظام بانکی ایران، وجود ارتباط بین گونه کنترل راهبردی (اجرا و تدوین) با گونه (سبک) تدوین راهبردی و تغییرات محیطی به عنوان فرضیه اصلی پژوهش و همچنین شش فرضیه فرعی از طریق انجام آزمون‌های آماری تایید شدند و نیکویی برازش الگوی ارائه شده نیز تایید شد.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_133676_1f8c56404a4a28038a6e1c70eec0ee1e.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 The effect of organizational learning mechanisms on strategic innovation capacity تاثیر سازوکارهای یادگیری سازمانی بر ظرفیت نوآوری استراتژیک 21 38 135056 10.22034/smsj.2022.135056 FA زینب چاوشی گروه مدیریت،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی،تهران وحید خاشعی دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری د انشگاه علامه طباطبایی 0000-0001-8536-9867 Journal Article 2020 12 30 Aim and Introduction: Changing and rapid alteration is the feature of this century. For revolution we need knowledge and wisdom that able us to create new values in which take share among competitors. The purpose of organizational learning is to enable manegers and staffs for countering turbulent environment and aiming competitive advantages.The only organization power source and stability is fast learning. The primary purpose of organizational learning is increasing quality and quantity of performance which growth the strategic capabilities and make the firm to gain competitive advantages. According to the importance of strategic innovation in organizational development and improvement and the importance of strategic innovation in sustainable competitive advantage, this paper tries to examine the relationship between organizational learning and strategic innovation capacity. Methodology: This research is applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature (data collection method). In terms of evaluating the relationships between research variables is a correlation analysis. The statistical society are employees of Nano technology firms which are 164 according to Cochran formula. Cronbach's alpha test was used to evaluate the reliability of the research questionnaire. A questionnaire was used to assess the adequacy of the factors in order to confirm the confirmatory factor of Bartlett and KMO tests. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data for parametric and non-parametric tests. Since the variables are normal, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to investigate the correlation coefficient between the variables. In order to evaluate the construct validity of the research indicators, in order to analyze the research data, SPSS software version 21 and the structural equation method of PLS software have been used. Findings: In this research a PLS analysis on survey data suggests that strategic innovation capacity is strengthened when managers deliberately install specific learning mechanisms on the three dimensions of absorptive capacity: knowledge recognition, assimilation and exploitation.Results showed a significant positive correlation among the research variables, so learning mechanisms have impact on strategic innovation capacity. Discussion and Conclusion: Organizations’ successful growth strategies in mature industries have raised scholars’ interest in “disruptive innovation”.some successful disruptive innovators succeeded in creating new markets and countering herd behavior without any technological advancementThis type of disruptive innovation has gone under the name of “strategic innovation” in the strategic management fieldthe first dimension has named recognition capability, which is defined as a firm’s processes aimed at identifying and acquiring new valuable external knowledge. The second dimension assimilation capability covers a firm’s processes aimed at interpreting and understanding the acquired external knowledge. Assimilationcombines new with existing knowledge emphasizing internal knowledge sharing and changing collective mental models. Finally, exploitation capability consists of structural, systemic and procedural mechanisms to harvest and incorporate assimilated knowledge into existing operations, so that exploitation can be sustained over a longer period of time. It had been proposed and proved by several researchers that the most important competitive advantage the company of the future would have is the ability of its managers to learn faster than the competitors so as to cope with the current external opportunities and threats, as such, organizations have to learn and acquire new knowledge and skills that will improve their existing and future performance. Organizational learning is an effective strategy for sustaining and improving a firm’s competitive edge and performance and organizational innovation is enhanced through organizational learning which translate to knowledge management that contributes to organizational performance. Organizational learning helps in gaining new knowledge and leads to innovation. In order to adjust to the changing environment and to make appropriate strategic choices, organizations must become aware of on-going environmental changes organizational learning is the process through which organization members develop shared knowledge based on analysis of data gathered from or provided by multiple sources, including the organizational members themselves. Successful organizational learning depends on the acquisition and assimilation of diverse new bases of knowledge for subsequent actions. Learning mechanisms for adjustment are positively related to a firm’s strategic innovation capacity by stimulating critical reflections on customers, critical reflections on markets. Mechanisms for exploitation aim at better harvesting and incorporating newly assimilated knowledge into existing operations. Exploitation affects firm’s strategic innovation capacity by stimulating the firm to adapt the organizational structure, support new initiatives even to the detriment of existing business, adapt procedures, replace skills, change the way of working, and prevent organizational chaos. تغییر و دگرگونیِ با شتاب از ویژگی‌های این هزاره است. لازمه ایجاد تغییر آگاهی و دانش است تا بتوان از طریق آن به خلق ارزشی جدید مبادرت نمود تا در میان رقبا سهمی کسب نماییم. هدف یادگیری سازمانی توانمندسازی مدیران و کارکنان سازمان‌ها برای مقابله با محیط پرتلاطم تجاری و برتری رقابتی و پویایی سازمان است. تنها منبع قدرت و ماندگاری سازمان‌ها، یادگیری بهتر و سریع‌تر نسبت به رقباست. هدف اولیه یادگیری سازمانی افزایش کمیت و کیفیت عملکرد است که قابلیت‌های استراتژیک را افزایش می‌دهند و شرکت را به تقویت یک موقعیت مزیت رقابتی و بهبود نتایج قادر می‌سازد. با توجه به نقش و اهمیت نوآوری استراتژیک در توسعه و بهبود سازمانی و به دلیل اهمیتی که نوآوری استراتژیک در کسب مزیت رقابتی پایدار دارد، این تحقیق بر آن است که به بررسی تاثیر یادگیری سازمانی بر ظرفیت نوآوری استراتژیک بپردازد. جامعه آماری تحقیق کارکنان شرکت‌های دانش بنیان حوزه نانو است که بر اساس فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران حجم نمونه آماری 164 نفر تخمین زده شد. تحلیل‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای لیزرل به منظور ارزیابی مدل معادلات ساختاری و PLS برای تحلیل رگرسیون صورت گرفت. یافته‌های به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که رابطه مثبت و معناداری بین متغیرهای تحقیق وجود داشته و سازوکارهای یادگیری سازمانی در ظرفیت نوآوری استراتژیک تاثیرگذار است.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_135056_f9bf84995b3a95e10a2ccd526e075047.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategies in military organizations تدوین راهبردهای مدیریت دانش با عوامل محیطی سازمان‌های نظامی 39 60 152225 10.22034/smsj.2022.152225 FA امیر نیازمند استاد گروه عملیات و تاکتیک دانشگاه فرماندهی و ستاد ارتش حسن زارعی متین استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، رئیس دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران مححمدحسین رحمتی استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران Journal Article 2021 07 15 Aim and Introduction: Advancement in the field of having a specialized workforce and advanced technologies in advancing the mission and improving the level of combat capability and improving their performance requires the use of knowledge management and the existence of a system in which organizational knowledge can be easily created, acquired and stored. Use the flow of various activities of military organizations. Accordingly, the Military organizations, in order to advance its goals regarding knowledge management, needs a comprehensive, complete, practical and appropriate model in line with its strategic goals, which in this study intends to achieve this based on its vision and mission. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain the environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategies of military organizations. Methodology: This research is based on the type of applied research, and in terms of its nature and method, based on the descriptive research method, it conforms to the approach of mixed data analysis (qualitative-quantitative).The statistical population of this research includes 245 commanders, deputies, deputies, managers. The experts, experts, veterans, researchers and strategic working groups of knowledge management are the subordinate units of the Iranian Armed Forces, and 150 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. In this research, library method (documents and documents) and field method (interview and questionnaire) were used to collect data. Qualitative data analysis was done using content analysis method (grounded data theorizing) and quantitative data analysis was done through SWOT and TOPSIS using SPSS statistical software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Findings: The findings of the research show that there are a total of 132 indicators that have the greatest impact on the development of knowledge management strategies in military organizations, which include 95 indicators regarding internal environment factors (29 indicators regarding the component the strengths of knowledge management and 66 indicators regarding the component of knowledge management weaknesses) and 37 indicators regarding external environment factors (20 indicators regarding the component of knowledge management opportunities and 66 indicators regarding the component of threats of knowledge management). Discussion and Conclusion: By calculating the average of internal and external factors and according to the sum of the calculated weighted points, about %75 of the people in the sample society (the relative majority) rated the status of the factors of the internal environment effective on the knowledge management of the Iranian Armed Forces as medium to low. And about %58 of the people in the sample community (relative majority) know the status of the current situation of the factors of the external environment effective on the knowledge management of the medium to high level, and it shows a significant opportunity in this dimension. After compiling the matrix of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of knowledge management in the Iranian Armed Forces (SWOT) and comparing two by two factors related to internal and external variables, 16 final strategies resulting from the improved SWOT matrix They have been counted in a survey of experts. Finally, TOPSIS method has been used to prioritize knowledge management strategies in military organizations (J.A. Iran Army) and to examine the effectiveness of extraction strategies. پیشرفت و ارتقاء در زمینه داشتن نیروی کار متخصص و فناوری‌های پیشرفته در پیشبرد مأموریت و ارتقاء سطح توان رزمی و بهبود عملکرد آنها نیازمند بهره‌گیری از مدیریت دانش و وجود سامانه‌ای است که در آن دانش سازمانی بتواند به‌راحتی خلق، کسب و ذخیره‌سازی شود و در جریان فعالیت‌های مختلف سازمان‌های نظامی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بر این اساس ارتش جمهوری اسلامی نیز برای پیشبرد اهداف خود در خصوص مدیریت دانش، نیازمند الگویی جامع، کامل، کاربردی و متناسب با اهداف راهبردی خود است که در این پژوهش در نظر است بر مبنای چشم‌انداز و مأموریت خود این مهم تحقق یابد. بنابراین مقاله حاضر به دنبال تبیین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر تدوین راهبردهای مدیریت دانش سازمان‌های نظامی است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش انجام آن بر مبنای روش توصیفی- پیمایشی با رویکرد تحلیل آمیخته داده‌ها انطباق دارد. برای این منظور، با بررسی ادبیات و پیشینه مرتبط با این حوزه، به بررسی تدوین چشم‌انداز و مأموریت مدیریت دانش، تدوین عوامل محیط داخلی و خارجی مؤثر بر تدوین راهبرد مدیریت دانش و اولویت‌بندی آنها در سازمان‌های نظامی از طریق تحلیل سوات ((SWOT، تحلیل رجحان ترتیبی با تشابه به پاسخ ایده‌آل تاپسیس (TOPSIS) و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که وضعیت فعلی مدیریت دانش در سازمان‌های نظامی در حالت تهاجمی بوده که بر اساس آن راهبردهای مدیریت دانش در سازمان‌های نظامی تدوین و اولویت‌بندی شدند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_152225_4ad797b79207b23f591964470696cd7b.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Identifying and strategically analyzing the needs and expectations of insurance industry stakeholders شناسایی و تحلیل راهبردی نیازها و انتظارات ذی‏‌نفعان صنعت بیمه 61 84 152226 10.22034/smsj.2022.152226 FA لیلی نیاکان گروه مطالعات کلان بیمه، پژوهشکده بیمه، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-9821-8512 آمنه خدیور گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا 0000-0003-4620-1409 Journal Article 2021 07 23 Aim and Introduction: Review the performance of strategic and development plans of the Iran insurance industry over the past years, shows that in preparing of these plans, their main stakeholders have not been taken into account. In addition, in evaluating the components of the strategic plan, one of the key components of the mission is the key stakeholders. Also, in some programs, tasks have been considered by the stakeholders and upstream documents for the insurance industry, which may not be executive in some aspects or there is a need to consider specific strategies for their implementation and, at the same time, to realize the views of other stakeholders. So, it is necessary to pay more attention to the main stakeholders of the programs in the insurance industry, especially the stakeholders who are not in the field of strategic plans control, and also to use the participation of all stakeholders in reviewing the macro plans of the insurance industry. The purpose of this study is to identify, categorize and prioritize insurance industry stakeholders and examine their needs and expectations. Finally, interactive strategies will be proposed using the stakeholder interaction management model. Methodology: In the first stage, an online questionnaire was used to categorize the stakeholders, which was visited by 468 people and finally 125 answers were received. The target community is insurance industry experts and activists. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the variables of the stakeholder questionnaire and the ranking of identified stakeholders. Power-interest and effective-affected models have been used to map the stakeholders of the insurance industry. To extract stakeholder expectations, library studies, web search and sending letters to stakeholders outside the industry, and interviews and descriptive structured questionnaires to stakeholders within the industry and deep analysis has been used. The total number of respondents from industry stakeholders in different roles to the questionnaires in this section was 341 who answered the questions of this research descriptively via the Internet. Findings: Central Insurance, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, legal policyholders, claims assessors, insurance startups (InsurTechs), insurers' syndicates and brokers are key players in the insurance industry. The greatest influence in the insurance industry is for Central Insurance, insurance companies, the judiciary and insurance agencies; agencies, insurance companies, real policyholders and brokers are most affected; the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, the agencies and the judiciary are the most powerful; and insurance companies, central insurance and agencies have the most benefit. Also, the needs and expectations of internal and external stakeholders of the industry are extracted separately. There are some commonalities and differences in stakeholder views that can be extracted and considered. Discussion and Conclusion: The key stakeholders have abundant sources of power to influence the organization and therefore, in the final strategies set in the insurance industry should be in the center of attention and strategies to meet their needs and expectations should be considered and included in all cases development and related decisions. Based on the reviews and analysis, there are great potential markets for product development and new insurance services, but perhaps greater cooperation is needed in the industry to meet them and there is a need for investment and upstream support. Quantitative and qualitative analysis and prioritization of the total strengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats identified from the perspective of strategic stakeholders can be used to extract strategies and programs to interact with them. Methodology: In the first stage, an online questionnaire was used to categorize the stakeholders, which was visited by 468 people and finally 125 answers were received. The target community is insurance industry experts and activists. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the variables of the stakeholder questionnaire and the ranking of identified stakeholders. Power-interest and effective-affected models have been used to map the stakeholders of the insurance industry. To extract stakeholder expectations, library studies, web search and sending letters to stakeholders outside the industry, and interviews and descriptive structured questionnaires to stakeholders within the industry and deep analysis has been used. The total number of respondents from industry stakeholders in different roles to the questionnaires in this section was 341 who answered the questions of this research descriptively via the Internet. Findings: Central Insurance, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, legal policyholders, claims assessors, insurance startups (InsurTechs), insurers' syndicates and brokers are key players in the insurance industry. The greatest influence in the insurance industry is for Central Insurance, insurance companies, the judiciary and insurance agencies; agencies, insurance companies, real policyholders and brokers are most affected; the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, the agencies and the judiciary are the most powerful; and insurance companies, central insurance and agencies have the most benefit. Also, the needs and expectations of internal and external stakeholders of the industry are extracted separately. There are some commonalities and differences in stakeholder views that can be extracted and considered. Discussion and Conclusion: The key stakeholders have abundant sources of power to influence the organization and therefore, in the final strategies set in the insurance industry should be in the center of attention and strategies to meet their needs and expectations should be considered and included in all cases development and related decisions. Based on the reviews and analysis, there are great potential markets for product development and new insurance services, but perhaps greater cooperation is needed in the industry to meet them and there is a need for investment and upstream support. Quantitative and qualitative analysis and prioritization of the total strengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats identified from the perspective of strategic stakeholders can be used to extract strategies and programs to interact with them. توجه بیشتر به ذی‌نفعان اصلی برنامه‎‌ها، به‌‏ویژه ذی‌نفعانی که در حوزه کنترل برنامه‎‌های استراتژیک در صنعت بیمه قرار ندارند، و همچنین استفاده از مشارکت کلیه ذی‌نفعان در بازنگری طرح‏‌های کلان صنعت بیمه کشور ضرورت دارد. هدف این تحقیق شناسایی، دسته‌‎بندی و اولویت‌‏بندی ذی‌نفعان صنعت بیمه و بررسی نیازها و انتظارات آنان است. در نهایت، با استفاده از مدل مدیریت تعامل با ذی‌نفعان، راهبردهای تعاملی پیشنهاد خواهد شد. در مرحله اول، از یک پرسش‎نامه اینترنتی برای دسته‌بندی ذی‌نفعان استفاده شده است، که توسط 468 نفر بازدید و در نهایت تعداد 125 پاسخ دریافت شده است. جامعه مورد مراجعه، خبرگان و فعالان صنعت بیمه هستند. جهت نگاشت ذی‌نفعان صنعت بیمه از مدل‌های قدرت -علاقه و اثرگذاری-اثرپذیری استفاده شده است. در ادامه برای استخراج انتظارات ذی‌‎نفعان از مطالعات کتابخانه‌‎ای، جستجو در وب و ارسال نامه برای ذی‎نفعان خارج از صنعت و از مصاحبه و پرسش‎نامه‌‎های ساخت‌‎یافته تشریحی برای ذی‌نفعان داخل صنعت و تحلیل‌های عمقی استفاده شده است. مجموع پاسخ‌دهندگان به پرسش‎نامه‎‌های این بخش 341 نفر از ذی‎نفعان صنعت در نقش‌های متفاوت بوده‌‎اند که به سوالات این تحقیق به ‎صورت تشریحی از طریق اینترنت پاسخ داده‎اند. بیمه مرکزی، وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی، بیمه‌‎گذاران حقوقی، ارزیابان خسارت، استارت‎آپ‌های بیمه‌ای، سندیکای بیمه‌گران و کارگزاران بازیگران کلیدی صنعت بیمه را تشکیل می‏‌دهند. ذی‌نفعان کلیدی، دارای منابع قدرت فراوانی برای اعمال نفوذ بر سازمان بوده، لذا در استراتژی‌های نهایی وضع شده در صنعت بیمه باید کانون توجه قرار بگیرند و راهبردهایی برای پاسخگویی به نیازها و انتظارات آنها لحاظ شود و در تمامی موارد توسعه و تصمیم‌گیری‌های مرتبط با آن وارد شوند. از تحلیل کمّی و کیفی مجموع نقاط قوت و ضعف و فرصت‌ها و تهدیدات احصا شده از نگاه ذی‌نفعان راهبردی و اولویت‌سنجی آنها، می‌‏توان برای استخراج استراتژی‌ها و برنامه‌های تعامل با آنها استفاده نمود.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_152226_1812a69d9c77ca4e5c413e4e9792c39d.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Comparative explanation of restrictive conditions rooting and disclaiming of liability in Negotiation instrument تبیین تطبیقی ریشه‌یابی شروط محدودکننده و اسقاط مسئولیت در اسناد تجاری 85 103 146160 10.22034/smsj.2022.146160 FA بهمن الفی گروه آموزشی حقوق, واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی , اردبیل, ایران مظفر باشکوه گروه آموزشی حقوق ، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران علیرضا لطفی دودران گروه آموزشی حقوق ، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران Journal Article 2022 01 06 Aim and Introduction. In commercial, economic and commercial interactions, at the firm, buyer, firm-firm and buyer-firm levels, commercial instruments promote a level of social trust by playing a strategic and facilitating role between the parties to the transaction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative explanation of the roots of restrictive conditions and disclaimers in commercial instruments by looking at international conventions and the laws of some countries. One of the most important advantages of commercial instruments is the joint and several liabilities of the commercial partners against the holder of the instrument, according to which the holder of the instrument can refer to any of them under certain conditions to receive the instrument jointly. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze how the terms of revocation or limitation of the responsibility of each of the officials of commercial instruments and according to the nature of the relevant business practice in issuing and endorsing and accepting or guaranteeing commercial instruments. In addition to the role of building trust and promoting the level of social capital, these factors facilitate or complicate trade in market interactions between the parties to the business. Methodology. According to the purpose of the research, its approach is qualitative in terms of purpose, descriptive, exploratory and ijtihad. For this reason it is descriptive; because the research community is described as it is. Because the required data is collected based on the following four questions using semi-structured interviews, it is exploratory. 1) What are the requirements for the condition of limitation or revocation of the issuer's liability for your promissory note and check? 2) What is the condition for limiting or revoking the liability of the endorser of commercial instruments in comparative law? 3) Is the condition of limitation or revocation of liability impossible against the nature of the action and impossible? 4) Is the condition of limiting or revoking the guarantor's liability correct and possible? Etihad activity is a cognitive and exploratory activity. This study was conducted in the period of 1398 to 1400 in the field of Iranian commercial law. The main reason for choosing the field is the variety of interpretations, behaviors and practices and their effects, and that due to the high volume of commercial transactions in the categories, different commercial and geographical levels that produce the problem. This study included a detailed study of each of the important research variables and finally a research background on the issue of the present study. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the method of theme analysis was used. In the descriptive section, by examining the theoretical foundations and research background, to explain the legal views of different nations of the world, comparative terms limiting the responsibility are extracted and analyzed, but according to the exploratory method to increase understanding of the problem, refined variables and relationships between them are identified. Speech analysis methods have been used in the analytical section. Findings. The effect of the terms of termination or limitation of liability on commercial instruments can be explained as follows: By nature, the condition of "absence or waiver of liability" is considered by some to be primarily liability, and the condition of "restrictive" is believed to apply only to the religion of reparation. In order to determine whether the inclusion of the condition of limitation or non-liability of the partners of commercial instruments is the correct condition or not? It has been said that joint and several liabilities are one of the advantages of commercial instruments that the legislator has established in Article 249 of the Commercial Code in order to protect the holder of the instrument and otherwise the parties cannot stipulate it. According to international conventions, the condition of revoking or limiting the liability of the said article only states the rule of joint and several liabilities in your instruments and joint and several liabilities are a kind of privilege that the legislator has considered for the holder of the instrument. It cannot be and the franchisee can waive that privilege. Belief in the invalidity of such conditions is contrary to the principle of the rule of will and freedom of contract and by inferring from Articles 275, 276, 287 and 233 of the Commercial Code, the liability of the officials of the instrument can be limited. The condition for limiting or revoking the liability of the issuer of your documents can vary depending on the type of instrument. The issuer is both responsible for the payment of the instrument and the recipient is responsible for obtaining the acceptance of the instrument before it is accepted by the recipient. Regarding the condition of revoking the liability of the issuer of the promissory note, it should be said that this condition is contrary to the requirements of the nature of the legal action and is void. Regarding the condition of non-liability of the check issuer in paying it, it should be said that the main responsibility for paying the check if the check has not been approved is the responsibility of the check issuer and the condition of canceling the liability is contrary to the nature of legal action. It will be void and void. Discussion and conclusion. That Article 249 of the Commercial Code is a matter of law and it is clear that this article only states the rule of joint and several in your instruments and joint and several liability is a kind of privilege that the legislator has given to the holder of the instrument and the aspect of public order does not and is not considered a rule of thumb - the owner of the license can waive that privilege. The condition for limiting or revoking the liability of the signatories of commercial instruments is provided for in international conventions and in the Law of Barwat and British promissory notes. Although unconditional waiver is accepted in English law, there are some restrictions on promissory notes. It is also accepted in the mentioned conventions as long as the dismissal is not contrary to the requirements of the nature of the action. The Iranian Commercial Code, like the French Commercial Code, does not have a definite and specific regulation regarding the cancellation or non-liability of the parties to the commercial instruments, but it pays attention to what is stated in international conventions and the principles governing contracts and all kinds of valid and invalid conditions in civil law. As an original source, the condition of termination of liability or limitation of liability of the signatories of commercial instruments can be considered correct as long as it is not contrary to the requirements of the nature of the action. And on the other hand it cancels the payment obligation. در تعاملات بازرگانی، اقتصادی و تجاری، در سطح بنگاه، خریدار، بنگاه- بنگاه و خریدار- بنگاه اسناد تجاری با ایفای نقش راهبردی و تسهیل‌گر میان طرفین معاملات موجب ارتقای سطح اعتماد اجتماعی می‌شود. لذا هدف این مقاله، تبیین تطبیقی ریشه‌یابی شروط محدودکننده و اسقاط مسئولیت در اسناد تجاری با نگاه به کنوانسیون‌های بین المللی و حقوق برخی کشورها است. این پژوهش کیفی از نظر هدف، توصیفی و اکتشافی است که با رویکرد اجتهادی به پاسخ‌یابی به چهار سوال تحقیق می‌پردازد. در این تحقیق سعی شده جامعه پژوهش آنگونه که هست توصیف شود. ازآنجا که داده‌های مورد نیاز بر مبنای چهار سوال با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختارمند جمع‌آوری شده‌، تحقیق جنبۀ اکتشافی دارد. فعالیت اجتهادی، با جنبۀ تفهمی و اکتشافی در مقام کشف و تفسیر واقع بر‌می‌آید. و از آنجا که فرآورده‌های اجتهادی تفهیمی است در زمرۀ معرفت‌های اکتسابی قرار می‌گیرد. این مطالعه در بازه زمانی سال 1398 تا 1400 در حوزۀ قانون تجارت ایران انجام شده است. دلیل اصلی انتخاب حوزه بروز تنوع در تفاسیر، رفتارها و عملکردها و آثار آنها است و اینکه با توجه به حجم بالای معاملات تجاری در رده‌ها، سطوح مختلف تجاری و جغرافیایی است که تولید مسئله می‌کند. این تحقیق مسئله‌محور، نشانگر فرآیندی است که ناشی از مواجهه محقق با یک مشکل عملی بوده است. مطابق یافته‌های تحقیق مشخص گردید متضامنین اسناد تجاری اعم از مسئولین اصلی و فرعی میباشند و علاوه بر مسئولیت تضامنی برای پرداخت وجه مسئولیت قبولی برات توسط براتگیر را تحت شرایطی به عهده دارند و شرط عدم مسئولیت مسئولین اصلی پرداخت وجه سند مثل صادر کننده سفته و براتگیری که برات را قبول نموده است چون برخلاف ذات عمل تجاری مذکور است معتبر نبوده اما اسقاط مسئولیت مسئولین فرعی سند مثل ظهرنویس و یا درج شروط محدود کننده مسئولیت و یا محدود کردن برخی امتیازات دارندگان اسناد تجاری به دلیل عدم مخالفت با ذات عمل تجاری صحیح است.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_146160_b7a856a92fded2fc325309b9877c2ab8.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 The meta-synthesis of Signaling through new product launch strategy فرا ترکیب علامت دهی موثر به ذینفعان درونی و بیرونی 105 134 152228 10.22034/smsj.2022.152228 FA عاطفه فتحی دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی شهریار عزیزی دانشیار گروه مدیریت دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران 0000-0002-7240-8553 منیژه قره چه عصو هیات علمی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی Journal Article 2021 11 17 Aim and Introduction: The main purpose of this study is the meta-synthesis of effective signaling to internal and external stakeholders. Signaling theory is trying to determine the important role of signaling by different players in changing the economic results through making more information asymmetry (Connelly et al., 2011). On the other hand, a stakeholder is an entity whose decisions affect the company and vice versa (Beringer et al., 2013). In this study, two types of stakeholders are considered: internal and external. The study is developmental, qualitative in terms of data nature, and documentary-meta-synthesis in terms of data collection. Methodology: In this research CASP- Critical Assessment Skills Program is used for evaluating articles. For 72 selected articles from valid scientific databases from 1996 to 2021, the process of extracting information was performed from the results and analysis of these articles. After evaluating each of them, finally, 48 articles were approved and screened by 10 qualitative criteria (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2006). By examining the backgrounds and models of the approved articles, a conceptual model is resulted based on the achieved codes and categories. In this part, there are three different phases: combining the findings, quality control, and reporting the final results. The purpose of meta-synthesis is to build the cohere and new interpretation for results. This method has been used for clearing up the concepts and patterns in accepted references (Kant, 2006); because of that, all findings in this process are considered as codes and themes which are mentioned totally in the paper. Findings: The result of the analysis of approved papers’ models and contents, based on the methodology above, appears in 4 categories and 27 codes. The main categories are signal, effective signal attributes, internal stakeholders, and external stakeholders. Social responsibility, product quality, and product innovation are the most repetitive signals, which mentioned in researches. Other signals can be set to receivers like process innovation, marketing innovation, consequence, commitment, and intent. In the signaling attribute category, signal observability is the main code, which can define the effectiveness of signal and signaling in general. On the other hand, in the internal stakeholder category, staff and in external stakeholders, competitors, business partners, and customers are the main signal receivers. Signal and signaling attributes impact signaling effectiveness: signal cost, observability, fit, frequency, validity, and consistency. Among these attributes, observability has a major impact on signaling effectiveness. Finally, the conceptual model which contains signals, their attributes, and their main receivers is formed based on analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: The company gives different signals to its target audience with its different actions and chosen signaling mix. Depending on the company's signaling goals and the company’s signaling mix, the receivers of the signals can be a group of internal and external stakeholders of the company. According to research articles, the focus is more on some kind of signals and also some stakeholders as receivers; For example, companies generally target their external stakeholders, especially the customer and competitor (Talke & O'Connor,2011). On the other hand, the repetition of signaling to internal stakeholders is less among the studies. By reviewing the contents of the company’s signaling portfolio, the most emphasis in studies is on social responsibility, reliability, innovativeness, and quality of the company and its products. The emphasis of this study is on effective signaling to stakeholders, because the company tries to signal the true quality of it and the next reason is decreasing the gap between perceived signals and intended ones to get to its signaling goals. The characteristics of the signals and the signaling process, in general, can determine the effectiveness of the signals and signaling itself. That group of characteristics includes transparency pf signal, the validity of signal, stability of the signal, signal cost (Certo & et al.,2003), signal fit, and signal frequency (Carter, 2006) which the signal transparency and observability have got the most weight between others (Ramaswami et al., 2010). For further researches, researchers can consider some suggested subjects by authors in this very area: identifying other elements affecting the effectiveness of signals and signaling besides the mentioned elements like the characteristics of the signal sender, the characteristics of signal receivers, signaling environment, chosen signaling mix, framing the proper signaling mix for sending to specific receiver for specific goals, comparing the main aim of signaler of sending signals with the probable perception of the signal receiver, the probable reaction of signal receivers to signals based on their perception and the dimension of reactions(Debruyne et al.,2002). هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، فراترکیب علامت‌دهی موثر به ذینفعان درونی و بیرونی می‌باشد. پژوهش از نظر هدف توسعه‌ای، از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها کیفی و از منظر گردآوری داده‌ها اسنادی- فراترکیب است. برای ارزیابی مقاله‌ها از برنامه مهارت‌های ارزیابی حیاتی CASP استفاده شده است. برای 72 مقاله انتخاب شده از پایگاه داده‌های علمی معتبر، فرآیند استخراج اطلاعات از نتایج و تحلیل‌های آن‌ها انجام شد که بعد از ارزیابی، 48 مقاله مورد تایید نهایی قرار گرفت و غربال-گری شد. با بررسی پیشینه‌ها و مدل‌های مقالات تایید شده، مدل مفهومی با چهار مقوله علامت‌ها، ویژگی‌های علامت، ذینفعان بیرونی و درونی استخراج شد. این تحقیق به‌دنبال شناسایی علامت‌هایی بود که شرکت به ذینفعان خود ارسال می‌کند. با توجه به اهداف شرکت از علامت‌دهی، گیرندگان علامت‌های ارسالی می‌توانند گروهی از ذینفعان شرکت باشند. در نتیجه تحلیل‌های صورت‌گرفته دیده شد تمرکز بر برخی علامت‌ها و هم‌چنین ذینفعان به‌‌عنوان گیرنده، بیشتر است؛ برای مثال عموماً شرکت‌ها ذینفعان بیرونی خود به‌ویژه مشتری و رقیب را هدف علامت‌دهی قرار می‌دهند. این در حالی است که علامت‌دهی به ذینفعان درونی در بین مطالعات کمتر تکرار شده است. تاکید این پژوهش بر علامت‌دهی موثر بر ذینفعان می‌باشد، چرا که به‌واسطه علامت‌دهی موثر است که شرکت تلاش می‌کند پیامی که قصد علامت‌دهی آن به ذینفع را دارد در مرحله اول، نمودی از کیفیت واقعی آن بوده و در مرحله بعدی با پیام ادراکی از سمت وی بیشترین تطابق را داشته باشد. ویژگی‌های علامت و به ‌صورت کلی‌تر فرایند علامت‌دهی می‌تواند اثربخشی علامت‌ها و علامت-دهی را تعیین کند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_152228_3481722c89ab59b5ea450adfc07b55ba.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 A Strategic Look at thriving at work: Identifying antecedents in the Employees of the General Department of Taxation پیشایندهای راهبردی شکوفایی کارکنان در سازمان 135 148 131817 10.22034/smsj.2022.131817 FA عباسعلی رستگار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران 0000-0001-6834-7682 سجاد علیکرمی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران اقبال جباری گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت، اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران 0000-0003-2018-0689 Journal Article 2020 10 25 Aim and introduction: A strategic look at the thiriving of the employees is important and necessary, and on the other hand, the thriving of the organization in this era depends on the capabilities of the employees. Therefore, Gallup considers a thrived manpower as a competitive advantage for the organization, because the thriving at work helps to avoid negative personal consequences such as stress, depression and physical diseases. Thriving strategies in the workplace are an important element for preserving human capital, using their latent capacities and improving individual and organizational performance. Thriving at work is a factor that not only causes the growth of positive factors in the organization such as organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and organizational loyalty, but also reduces the negative aspects of behavior such as burnout and absenteeism, and in general causes The efficiency of the organization is increased. Researchers are trying to identify factors so that they can provide the basis for the thiriving of employees in organizations. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the antecedents affecting the thiriving of employees at work, the employees of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Semnan province. Perceived organizational support, job autonomy, civility in the work environment, proactive personality and organizational trust are the variables that were investigated as antecedents in this study. Methodology: The current research in terms of purpose: practical; In terms of strategy: survey; In terms of research method: quantitative, in terms of time horizon: single-section, in terms of data collection method: questionnaire, and in terms of subject area, it is in the field of organizational behavior and human resources. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of the General Administration of Tax Affairs of Semnan Province, whose number is 320. Based on Cochran's sampling formula, including 5% error rate, the statistical sample of the research was calculated equal to 175 employees, in order to be more careful and increase the reliability of data analysis results, 190 questionnaires were distributed and finally 180 questionnaires was collected. In order to measure the thiriving at work variable, using the 10-item scale of Porath et al. (2012) with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.892, to measure the measure of perceived organizational support, using the 8-item scale of Eisenberger et al. (1986) with Cronbach's alpha 0.865, to measure the variable of job autonomy from the 10-item scale designed by Jong (1995) with Cronbach's alpha 0.929, to measure of civility at workplace from the 4-item scale of Porath and Ariz (2009) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.858, to measure the proactivity personality scale from the 4-item scale of Gian (2016) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.810 and to measure the variable of organizational trust from an 18-item questionnaire McKnight (2002) is used. Participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Stepwise regression was used to analyze it. Findings: Based on the step-by-step regression method, the independent variables were entered into the model one by one. The order of entry of variables is also based on their correlation coefficient with the dependent variable. The results of the regression analysis in the final model show that the variables perceived organizational support (β=0.272, t=7.067, p<0.05), job autonomy (β=0.190, t=4.874, p<0.05), civility at work workplace (β=0.227, t=6.011, p<0.05) proactivity personality (β=0.137, t=3.910, p<0.05) organizational trust (β= 0.251, t=6.736, p<0.05) are significant predictors for thiriving at work. Discussion and Conclusion: Organizations are effective in providing appropriate services to people in need. A thriving organization can achieve this efficiency and effectiveness of assistance. There is a desire to flourish in potential people, and organizations can actualize it using measures. Among these measures can be the inclusion of the factors that have been discussed in this study. When they consider the organization as their supporter, they thriving and have a favorable relationship with the organization. With different laws and programs, the organization can be sure to be with them in all situations. The organization should provide a suitable environment for their activities by providing suitable action for their freedom. Reducing the restrictions and decisions in order to engage them more with the mission of the organization, and this will make the employees thriving. Civility in the workplace emphasizes on following common norms and respect in the workplace, which can provide a suitable working environment for employees to share their efforts together, and this will lead to the prosperity of employees in the organization. The proactivity personality is a personality that is constantly looking for change and transformation and is continuously looking for new ideas and tries to improve itself personally and organizationally. The proactivity personality has a strong drive to thriving. Organizational trust increases risk acceptance on the part of employees and causes higher performance on the part of employees in order to fulfill organizational goals and missions. Organizational trust is a manifestation of the acceptance of the actions and behaviors of the employees by the organization and encourages the employees to step into a dynamic environment and be able to solve the challenges of the organization. راهبردهای شکوفایی درمحل کار برای حفظ سرمایه‌های انسانی، به‌کارگیری ظرفیت‌های نهفته آنان و ارتقای عملکرد فردی و سازمانی مهم هستند. پژوهشگران سعی بر شناسایی عواملی دارند تا بتوانند زمینه شکوفایی کارکنان در سازمان‌ها را فراهم آورند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی پیشایندهای موثر بر شکوفایی کارکنان در محل کار است. پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی- همبستگی انجام شده و نمونه آماری پژوهش 180 نفر از کارکنان اداره‌ کل امورمالیاتی استان سمنان است که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه و برای تحلیل آنان از رگرسیون گام به گام استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون در مدل نهایی نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای استقلال شغلی، اعتماد سازمانی، حمایت سازمانی ادارک شده، مدنیت درمحیط کار و شخصیت کنش‌گر پبش‌بینی کننده‌های معناداری برای رشد درمحل کار هستند. براساس نتایج پژوهش میتوان بیان نمود که حمایت و اعتماد به کارکنان در کنار استقلال عمل دادن به آنان توام با روابط محترمانه و مودبانه کارکنان با یکدیگر و تقویت روحیه ایده‌پردازی و نوآوری در آنان می‌تواند موجب شکوفاشدن کارکنان شود.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_131817_0367af8cf2fbd8db2cf450a2bdb67484.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 The effect of customer-oriented strategy with the ability to manage human resources and innovation on financial performance تأثیر استراتژی مشتری‌مداری با قابلیت مدیریت منابع انسانی و نوآوری بر عملکرد مالی 149 173 137665 10.22034/smsj.2022.137665 FA علی اصغری صارم استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران 0000-0002-1839-0620 مرتضی عزیزی کارشناس ارشد MBA گرایش استراتژیک، دانشگاه پیام نور مهدی اجلی استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران Journal Article 2021 06 12 Aim and Introduction: Organizations need to choose the right strategy to maximize the use of environmental opportunities according to their strengths and weaknesses. Thus, by choosing the best strategy, organizations take an important step to improve their financial performance. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of customer-centric strategy on financial performance with the mediating role of human resource management and innovation in Iran Radiator Company in order to improve the financial performance of this company. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes 350 employees of Iran Radiator Company. In this research, 183 of these employees were selected by simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Finding: The results showed that customer-centric explain and predicts 8% of financial performance, 5.75% of human resource management capability, and 7.50% of Iran Radiator Company's innovation capability. They also explain and predict human resource management capability of 7.40% of financial performance and innovation capability of 13.5% of the financial performance of Iran Radiator Company. The bootstrap method was used to measure the mediating variable in Amos software. The results showed that human resource management capability and innovation capability both have an effective mediating role in the relationship between customer-centric and financial performance of Iran Radiator Company. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, the managers of Iran Radiator Company are suggested to set the goals and strategies of the company in the direction of customer satisfaction and to adjust the competitive strategies of this company based on understanding the needs of customers and to be committed to meeting the needs of customers. سازمان‌ها برای ادامه حیات خود نیازمند گزینش استراتژی مناسب جهت حداکثرسازی بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌های محیطی با توجه به نقاط قوت و ضعف خود هستند. بدین ترتیب، سازمان‌ها با انتخاب بهترین استراتژی گام مهمی در جهت بهبود عملکرد مالی خود برمی‌دارند. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر استراتژی مشتری مداری بر عملکرد مالی با نقش میانجی قابلیت مدیریت منابع انسانی و نوآوری در شرکت رادیاتور ایران در جهت بهبود عملکرد مالی این شرکت است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و از نظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کارکنان شرکت رادیاتور ایران به تعداد 350نفر است. در این پژوهش 183نفر از این کارکنان به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. جهت اندازه‌گیری متغیرها از پرسشنامه استاندارد استفاده گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. برای آزمون فرضیه‌ها از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مشتری‌مداری 8 درصد از عملکرد مالی، 75/5 درصد از قابلیت مدیریت منابع انسانی، 50/7 درصد از قابلیت نوآوری شرکت رادیاتور ایران را تبیین و پیش‌بینی می‌کند. همچنین قابلیت مدیریت منابع انسانی 40/7 درصد از عملکرد مالی و قابلیت نوآوری 13/5 درصد از عملکرد مالی شرکت رادیاتور ایران را تبیین و پیش‌بینی می‌کنند. برای سنجش متغیر میانجی از روش بوتاسترپ در نرم‌افزار آموس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که قابلیت مدیریت منابع انسانی و قابلیت نوآوری هر دو در روابط بین مشتری‌مداری و عملکرد مالی شرکت رادیاتور ایران نقش میانجی تأثیرگذار دارند. بنابراین به مدیران شرکت رادیاتور ایران پیشنهاد می‌شود که اهداف و استراتژی‌های شرکت را در راستای رضایتمندی مشتریان قرار داده و استراتژی‌های رقابتی این شرکت را نیز مبتنی بر درک نیازهای مشتریان تنظیم نمایند و نسبت به تامین نیازهای مشتریان متعهد شوند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_137665_396a7e0d927da6080e1116e5e1920e12.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 The effect of strategic change with organizational learning and environmental dynamics on organizational performance تأثیر تغییر استراتژیک با یادگیری سازمانی و پویایی محیطی بر عملکرد سازمانی 175 199 137667 10.22034/smsj.2022.137667 FA الیاس لعل کاظمیان دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا 0000-0002-6084-3371 سعید جعفری تیتکانلو استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا 0000-0002-8708-4440 Journal Article 2021 05 14 Aim and Introduction: Today, for competing, all organizations must adapt themselves to the external environment. Since the business environment is highly competitive and the rate of change is on the increase, what should be constantly considered and evaluated by all the organizations is the amount of dynamism in the business environment. Therefore, because of the dynamics of the business environment, changing the organization’s strategy is inevitable, and all organizations must learn to predict and identify changes and respond intelligently to the environmental factors and try to make strategic changes promptly to align with the environment and gain a competitive advantage for better performance. According to the literature on strategic change, organizational performance is inextricably linked with the strategy of an organization, because it is the strategy of an organization that can empower it in terms of competitiveness and ultimately affect the performance. However, based on the results of past studies, changing the strategy of an organization has always faced challenges and can negatively affect performance. Organizational change studies have specifically identified the employees’ resistance to change as one of the major obstacles to the process of strategic change. Therefore, it seems the concept of organizational learning can play a major role in gaining the knowledge and information to improve the capabilities and flexibility of an organization, which can facilitate the process of strategic change and then reduces its negative impact on performance. On the other hand the banking industry in the world has always been of great importance and the impact of strategies and performance of this industry on the economy of countries is unquestionable. For instance, based on past studies, the industry’s significant role in shaping the global financial crisis in 2008 is undeniable. In this regard among the manufacturing and service industries, the banking industry can be one of the most influential service industries in the Iranian economy and the performance of this industry has always played a key role in the other sectors. Also, the business environment in this industry has changed with the advent of digital banking. The concept of digital banking is considered as a technology-based approach to the transformation of the bank and it not only demands digitalization of banking and changes in products and services, but it requires changes in the bank’s organizational structures, processes, decision-making procedures, and resource allocation. Today, we are not only witnessing an increase in competition, but branches are not considered as the only channels to connect with customers and the number of customers using the traditional form of services has reduced significantly. Moreover, in recent years, changes in governmental regulations and monetary policies, as well as the increase in the number of financial service providers, have had a profound effect on the dynamism of the environment in the banking industry. Therefore, what seems to be crucial is that banks and other financial institutions must learn to turn change into an opportunity and adapt to the ever-changing environment by changing their strategies. Finally, by reviewing the strategic change literature, we can find out that most of the research has been done either in industries other than the service industry or in developed countries. In addition, less attention has been paid to the mediating role of organizational learning as an internal organizational element and the moderating effect of environmental dynamics as one of the environmental factors outside the organization in the relationship between strategic changes and organizational performance. As a result, according to the gap in previous research, this study, examines the relationships between the variables within the banking industry. Methodology: This study is survey research that is based on structural equation modeling. In this study, the respondents’ views were collected through standard questionnaires, and the population of the study is 180, which comprises both directors and vice directors of all the branches and management staffs of the central office of Mellat Bank in Mashhad. The minimum sample size is 118, which was determined according to Krejcie and Morgan’s table. In this study, the sampling method was based on a non-probabilistic sampling technique. The variables were measured using twenty-four items on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1= strongly disagree; to 5= strongly agree. The content validity of the instrument was determined by the faculty of management and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the construct validity of the instrument. For measuring the internal consistency of the items, both Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability were used. Finally, for answering the questions of the research, seven hypotheses were proposed, and to test the hypotheses, path analysis was employed using Smart PLS 3. Finally according to the conceptual framework and based on the results of t-statistics, the hypotheses were tested. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, based on the results of t-statistics and significant value (p) < 0.05, the findings reveal that in Mellat Bank of Mashhad, the association between strategic change and organizational learning is supported and organizational learning is positively and strongly influenced by the strategic change. Additionally, the results show that organizational performance is positively and strongly influenced by strategic change, and the association between organizational learning and organizational performance is strongly and significantly supported. Moreover, the results show that organizational performance is positively and strongly influenced by environmental dynamism. Also, strategic change is positively and strongly influenced by environmental dynamism. In this study, based on Baron and Kenny’s Method for Mediation, the findings show that organizational learning partially mediates the relationship between strategic change and organizational performance. And then, in the end, the findings reveal that the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between strategic change and organizational performance is not supported. با گسترش شبکه بانکی کشور، رقابت شدیدی در این صنعت حاکم شده است و در این فضای رقابتی بانک‌‌ها در جستجوی شناسایی عواملی هستند تا در جهت بهبود عملکردشان مؤثر واقع گردد. در این راستا هدف از این پژوهش بررسی روابط میان تغییر استراتژیک، یادگیری سازمانی و پویایی محیطی و تأثیر آن‌ها بر عملکرد سازمانی بانک ملت مشهد و نیز تحلیل نقش میانجی‌گری یادگیری سازمانی و اثر تعدیل‌گری پویایی محیطی است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ روش گردآوری داده‌ها، جزء پژوهش‌های میدانی محسوب می‌شود. در این مطالعه بر اساس جدول کرجسی - مورگان از میان جامعه آماری 180 نفری از معاونین و رؤسای شعب و مدیران ادارات سازمان مرکزی بانک، تعداد 118 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده است. روایی محتوای پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظر خبرگان و سنجش پایایی آن با محاسبه‌ی ضرایب آلفا‌کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از آزمون فرضیه‌های پژوهش حاکی از تأثیر مثبت و معنادار تغییر استراتژیک بر دو متغیر یادگیری سازمانی و عملکرد سازمانی است. همچنین پویایی محیطی نیز بر دو متغیر عملکرد سازمانی و تغییر استراتژیک تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. از طرفی علاوه بر تأیید اثر مثبت و معنادار یادگیری سازمانی بر عملکرد سازمانی، نقش میانجی‌گری جزئی یادگیری سازمانی در رابطه‌ میان تغییر استراتژیک و عملکرد سازمانی تأیید شد. در انتها اثر تعدیل‌گری پویایی محیطی بر رابطه‌ میان تغییر استراتژیک و عملکرد سازمانی مورد تأیید قرار نگرفت.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_137667_e0cb2c746b3977cd70f72bf3624803a4.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Development and explanation of strategic control in higher education centers توسعه و تبیین کنترل راهبردی در مراکز آموزش عالی 201 217 137668 10.22034/smsj.2022.137668 FA اویس ترابی استادیار دانشکده مدیریت و برنامه ریزی راهبردی ، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع) علیرضا علی اکبری رنانی دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع). تهران. ایران محمد شیخ غلامی دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع). تهران. ایران Journal Article 2021 05 13 Aim and Introduction: According to upstream documents, universities should always be the boiling point and peak of two vital currents in the country: the flow of science and research; Second, the flow of idealism and idealism and political and social goals; And since today's universities face many challenges such as turbulent environment, rapid growth of global competition, changing knowledge and industrial needs of society, etc., so by examining and analyzing the paths taken, we must recognize the strategic deviations of the path. And with the right look, he proceeded to reform and improve effectively for the development and promotion of universities and, of course, the country. The important point is that the main purpose of designing the strategic control system of universities is something beyond compiling several annual evaluation reports in a scattered manner. Strategic control is a system that organizations need to be aware of changes in the internal and external environment as well as respond to these changes, and by strategic control and careful review of the strategic direction of the organization, can make changes in a timely manner. In this regard, the concept of strategic control has an effective role in guiding universities in the direction of their strategic goals. The purpose of this study is to identify the components of strategic control in universities studied by one of the universities in Tehran province. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The method of data collection in the stage of identifying the components of strategic control affecting the university is in the form of library studies and interviews with professors and experts. In this research, the MICMAC table has been used to analyze the degree of penetration and dependence of each factor. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) has been used in the implementation and analysis. Interpretive structural modeling is a method for designing a pattern of complex and multiple relationships between variables of a phenomenon. This method is a kind of structural analysis based on the interpretive paradigm. In this method, first the effective and basic factors are identified and then with the help of this method, the relationships between the factors are analyzed. This model provides a context in which various and interrelated factors are described in an organized model and a complex pattern of conceptual relationships between several variables. The statistical population of this study was university professors, experts and related university administrators who were selected by purposive sampling. Therefore, the statistical sample method of this research is purposeful sampling of a judgmental type that consists of 10 university professors, experts and managers related to the subject of strategic control. Regarding the expertise and background of the sample, all of them have a doctoral degree and at least 5 years of work experience related to the research topic, whose opinions have been recorded and compiled by the researcher. Finding: Regarding research results and findings, the policy-making and management component has been identified as the most fundamental and fundamental component. It can be stated that the component of policy-making and management with the highest influence and the least degree of dependence on the components of human capital, budget and finance, values and organizational culture, networking and interactions, facilities and facilities and finally the exchange of knowledge, research system and The education system is effective. The third level includes two components of values and organizational culture and networking and interactions that affect the next level, namely the components of human capital, facilities and facilities, budget and finance, research and production system, knowledge exchange and dissemination and education system. In other words, the components of policy and management, values and organizational culture, and networking and interactions in the MICMAC table are in area 4 and have high influence and low dependency; This shows the importance and impact of these factors on other factors. At the second level, the factors of human capital, facilities and facilities, budget and finance are all at the same level and affect the factors of the next level; Finally, in the first level, which has the most dependent factors, are the system of research and production of science, exchange and dissemination of knowledge, and the system of education and training. Discussion and Conclusion: In other words, in order to have a proper research and production system and a proper education system, the lower level components must act in a systematic and coordinated manner so that the output of research and education is also appropriate. دانشگاه‌ها با ایفای نقش پیشران تحولات، نیازمند اعمال کنترل و نظارت بر اقدامات خود هستند تا صحت حرکت آنها در راستای اهداف راهبردی تضمین شود. در همین راستا، مفهوم کنترل راهبردی نقش مؤثری در هدایت دانشگاه‌ها در مسیر اهداف راهبردی‌شان دارد. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی مؤلفه‌های کنترل راهبردی در دانشگاه‌ها، مورد مطالعه یکی از دانشگاه‌های استان تهران است. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی – پیمایشی است. خبرگان مورد نظر ده نفر از صاحب‌نظران و خبرگان مرتبط با موضوع است که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند قضاوتی انتخاب شده‌اند. دراین راستا بعد از مصاحبه با خبرگان و اجماع در مورد عوامل، از روش مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری جهت ساختاردهی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل استفاده ‌شده است. جهت تحلیل قدرت نفوذ و وابستگی هر یک از عوامل از نمودار MICMAC استفاده ‌شده است. مؤلفه سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت دارای بالاترین قدرت نفوذ و کمترین میزان وابستگی است. در سطح بعد ارزش‌ها و فرهنگ‌سازمانی و شبکه‌سازی و تعاملات قرار دارند. عوامل سرمایه انسانی، تسهیلات و امکانات و بودجه و مالی در سطح دوم مدل هستند و در نهایت در سطح اول که وابسته‌ترین عوامل را دارد نظام پژوهش و تولید علم، تبادل و نشر دانش و نظام تربیت و آموزش قرار دارند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_137668_a75535d6a86776a01fd71ddfa5d794ec.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 A dynamic assessment of the impact of e-banking on financial development ارزیابی پویای تأثیر بانکداری الکترونیکی بر توسعه مالی 219 246 137669 10.22034/smsj.2022.137669 FA لیلا ترکی استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، اصفهان، ایران 0000-0003-0974-3612 سعید جهانیان استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، اصفهان، ایران نجمه کامیاب کارشناس ارشد گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، اصفهان، ایران ساناز شفیعی استادیار گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی4697-19395، تهران ، ایران Journal Article 2021 05 11 Aim and Introduction: The entry of banks into the field of information and communication technology has enabled them to make significant leaps in providing and expanding their services. The continuous development of electronic banking improves the efficiency of the banking system and reduces the costs associated with interactions at the national and international levels, which results in economic efficiency. In recent years, the growing trend of using new electronic payment tools in the country's banking system is significant. In such a way that all banking affairs such as payments and withdrawals, etc. are done electronically and online. Since banks play an important role in the financial development triangle, in this study, the role of electronic banking on financial development has been investigated by designing a system model. Methodology: This research is of analytical-descriptive type and is based on the applied purpose and in terms of how the required data is of the library type. In this regard, by designing a system of factors affecting financial development, the effects of e-banking in Iran as part of the money market on financial development in a dynamic model are examined. The required economic data is collected from official sources such as the Central Bank and the required model estimates are collected from previous articles. In this paper, the system dynamics methodology is used to study and evaluate the impact of electronic banking on financial development. System dynamics is one of the mathematical methods that is based on the structure of the control circuit and allows the study of the structure and behavior of complex economic, social, etc. systems that in Real worlds are not linear. This approach takes a dynamic look at dealing with time, paying attention to the uncertainty in the parameters and considering the relationships between the variables, examining the time delays, making the necessary savings and most importantly showing the feedback effects of the variables over time. Also, using differential equations tries to understand and predict behaviors based on pattern variables in the system in question. In modeling system dynamics, the goal is to examine various potential policies to improve system performance. Among the policies, the one with the best results is selected to be implemented in the system. Findings: The results indicate that getting used to the new system (electronic banking) and the use of electronic payment can improve assets in banking and ultimately its use can lead to the growth of financial development and liquidity indicators. In general, according to the simulation of the financial development model using Venice and reviewing the scenarios performed, the following results can be presented: Systematic design of financial development indicators The current financial system of Iran has many fluctuations in the banking sector; And traditional indicators of financial development, such as those formed using the amount of money and credit, may not be able to accurately assess the country's financial development. The most important banking variables affecting financial development in this study include GDP, domestic assets of commercial banks, banknotes and coins, and bank credits and facilities. Considering the application of three scenarios, it can be stated that the use of e-banking indicators together in the model by accelerating the operation, saving time and increasing services, increases bank deposits and financial development indicators and also increases Becomes bank assets. Discussion and Conclusion: Increasing the acceptance of electronic banking is the first step of financial development compared to traditional banking and its advantages and reducing the resistance to the traditional system. Factors such as the quality of the system, network speed, training, ease of use, etc. are variables that become more important after the adoption of electronic banking and are in the next stage. An examination of the history of the Iranian people in accepting various issues shows that, if they become accustomed to a system in any way, they will immediately apply it and that new technology or issue will become widespread. Therefore, it is very important to develop the habit of using new technologies, even if this habit is done by applying legal and coercive methods; For example, it is possible to pay the salaries of all government employees only by using credit cards; And the same goes for other e-banking tools. This method is the fastest and most effective way to spread e-banking according to the socio-cultural characteristics of the Iranian people. In this way, over time, the traditional banking structure becomes the structure of electronic banking. Of course, it should be noted that the move towards electronic banking and online technologies, in general, is undeniable, and our country is moving in this direction, and our goal is to accelerate this process and align the Iranian people with it. Therefore, in addition to the technical, quantitative and qualitative development of e-banking, banks should also pay attention to the factors affecting its acceptance by customers and make it one of the important aspects of technology management in their organization to be successful. In the area of macro-policy, when the e-banking sector and the private sector are supported, financial development will increase, and as a result, the capital market will gain more power and investment in it will increase. This increase in investment will further strengthen production. Market support affects production in the same way. With the growth of domestic production and the capital market, as well as the attraction of foreign investment, national income also increases. The reinforcing effect of this process on each other enables government and policymakers to achieve remarkable results with knowledge of system dynamics and management of controllable factors. Of course, as mentioned in the dissertation, if the policymakers lack knowledge and do not pay attention to the consequences of actions, they can create negative effects that will be strengthened exponentially and cause irreparable damage. ورود بانک‌ها به عرصه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات این امکان را برای آن‌ها فراهم کرده تا جهش‌های چشم‌گیری برای ارائه و گسترش خدمات خود داشته باشند. توسعه مستمر بانکداری الکترونیکی سبب بهبود کارایی نظام بانکداری و کاهش هزینه‌های مربوطه به تعاملات در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی میشود که نتیجه آن رسیدن به بهره‌وری اقتصادی است. در سال‌های اخیر روند رو به رشد استفاده از ابزارهای نوین پرداخت الکترونیکی در سیستم بانکی کشور قابل توجه است. به‌گونه‌ای که کلیه‌ی امور بانکی از قبیل پرداخت‌ها و برداشت‌ها به صورت الکترونیکی و اینترنتی انجام می‌گیرد. از آنجایی که بانک‌ها نقش مهمی در مثلث توسعه مالی ایفا می‌کنند، در این پژوهش سعی شده است با طراحی مدل سیستمی نقش بانکداری الکترونیکی بر روی توسعه مالی بررسی گردد. نتایج این پژوهش از آن جهت که شبیه‌سازی سیستمی می‌باشد می‌تواند تأثیر اجرای سیاست‌های مختلف در حوزهی بانکداری را بر روی توسعه مالی نشان دهد و منجر به تصمیم‌گیری بهتر در این حوزه شود، پس نتایج این پژوهش به طور خاص برای توسعه نظام بانکی و بازار مالی کاربرد دارد. به این منظور با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ونسیم به شبیه‌سازی مدل سیستمی توسعه مالی در ایران برای بانک‌ها پرداخته شده است. در این پژوهش از روش کتابخانه‌ای برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در زمینه ادبیات و پیشینه تحقیق استفاده شده است. همچنین از مطالعات پیشین برای تدوین مدل‌های ذهنی و به دست آوردن معادلات و روابط بین متغیرها استفاده شده و داده‌های مورد نیاز این مدل مربوط به سال‌های 1392 تا 1397 از آمار بانک مرکزی و داده‌های وزارت اقتصاد استخراج شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که عادت به سیستم جدید (بانکداری الکترونیکی) و استفاده از پرداخت الکترونیکی می‌تواند باعث بهبود دارایی‌ها در بانکداری و افزایش درآمد بانکی شده و نهایتاً به‌کارگیری آن سبب رشد شاخص‌های توسعه مالی و نقدینگی می‌شود.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_137669_6b23f7999debbc216e1a292c3352b8b5.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Dynamics Analysis of the Support System in the Structure of Human Resources of Iranian Science and Technology Parks تحلیل پویایی نظام حمایت در ساختار منابع انسانی پارک‌های علم و فناوری ایران 247 269 152223 10.22034/smsj.2022.152223 FA داریوش پورسراجیان عضو هیات علمی / موسسه آموزش عالی امام جواد یزد محمد سعید تسلیمی استاد تمام دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران علینقی مشایخی استاد تمام دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه صنعتی شریف علی حاجی غلام سریزدی پژوهشگر پسادکتری پویایی شناسی سیستم‌ها، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، مدیر گروه پژوهشی پویایی شناسی سیستم‌ها در مژگان سلطانی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی و پژوهشگر گروه پژوهشی پویایی شناسی سیستم‌ها در موسسه آموزش عالی امام جواد(ع) یزد Journal Article 2020 12 28 Aim and Introduction: Despite the elite and educated forces in the country and the existence of science and technology parks to support them and the impact of park policies on established companies, human resources and society; The question is why there is no relative satisfaction with the human resource situation of science and technology parks and technology companies. This issue is more important because the country's macro orientations are towards the knowledge-based economy, and in this economy, the main factor is human knowledge resources. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic structure of the support system in the human resource structure of science and technology parks. Methodology: This research has been done by using system dynamics approach and through group model building method.This research is a mixed method research (qualitative and quantitative) and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. In order to conduct the present study, using expert opinion in in-depth group modeling interviews, problem redefining as well as dynamic hypothesis and various models of system dynamics (including behavior diagrams over time, rich picture, cause and effect diagrams and flow) were designed. For this purpose, according to Winz and Gary (2007) from a group of 8 people whose members were purposefully selected, which included two managers from the park headquarters, two managers from technology companies, two employees from technology companies and two university graduates. Finding: The findings of this study were analyzed in the form of system dynamics modeling steps using Vensim software. Examination of the data in the dynamic problem definition showed that despite the growth of human resources in the environment and consequently the park's expectations of human resources growth of companies, the quality of human resources of technology companies has not grown much over time and has continued to move with an almost constant trend. This issue shows the importance of effective factors as well as effective policies on improving the quantitative and qualitative level of human resources in science and technology parks. Problem modeling also showed that the whole system consists of two interactive human resource models in the headquarters of science and technology parks and an interactive human resource model in technology companies with 6 reinforcing loops and 5 balancing loops. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of modeling led to the identification of three strategies for reducing park support along with the development of park services, the establishment of a center for evaluation and development of human resources and the development of institutions and educational processes of science and technology parks. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی ساختار پویای نظام حمایت در ساختار منابع انسانی پارک‌های علم و فناوری با استفاده از پویایی‌شناسی سیستم‌ها و مدل‌سازی گروهی است. تحقیق حاضر بر مبنای رویکرد پویایی‌های سیستمی و از روش مدل‌سازی گروهی انجام پذیرفته است. این پژوهش از نظر روش انجام، یک پژوهش آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) و از نظر هدف نیز، یک پژوهش کاربردی است. به‌منظور انجام پژوهش حاضر، با استفاده از نظر خبرگان در مصاحبه‌های عمیق مدل‌سازی گروهی، بازتعریف مسئله و همچنین تدوین فرضیه پویا و مدل‌های مختلف پویایی‌های سیستمی (شامل نمودار رفتار در طول زمان، تصویر غنی، نمودارهای علت و معلولی و جریان) طراحی گردید. برای این منظور طبق نظر وینز و گری از مشارکت گروه 8 نفره استفاده شد که اعضای آن به‌صورت هدف‌مند در دسترس انتخاب شدند که شامل دو مدیر از ستاد پارک، دو مدیر از شرکت‌های فناور، دو کارمند از شرکت‌های فناور و دو فارغ‌التحصیل دانشگاه بودند. یافته‌های این پژوهش در قالب گام‌های مدل‌سازی پویایی‌شناسی سیستم‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ونسیم تجزیه ‌و تحلیل شدند. نتایج حاصل از مدل‌سازی سبب شناسایی سه راهکار میرا شدن حمایت‌های پارک در کنار توسعه خدمات پارک، ایجاد کانون ارزیابی و توسعه نیروی انسانی و توسعه نهادها و فرآیندهای آموزشی پارک‌های علم و فناوری گردید.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_152223_07161c0faa52e990d995466de4ba4f76.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Identifying and improving mental patterns of graduates' efficiency from the point of view of managers شناسایی و ارتقای الگوهای ذهنی کارایی دانش‌آموختگان از منظر مدیران 271 287 153676 10.22034/smsj.2022.153676 FA فاطمه اردو مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2021 09 21 Aim and introduction: The upcoming research has been done with the aim of determining the mental models of group managers' efficiency and providing solutions for it. Methodology: This study is a kind of qualitative and quantitative method, and in other words, a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) has been used. In the qualitative section, the focused group is examined, and in the quantitative section, Q factor analysis is performed. Since the source of the findings and discourses in Q methodology is derived from the theoretical foundations and research background obtained from the library study and interviews with the participants of the field department, it is a library-field location. Considering that each group manager has a different point of view on the problem of graduates' efficiency, this method is suitable for recognizing their mentalities and categorizing them. The statistical population of this research includes the heads of educational groups, faculties and professors of three faculties of psychology and educational sciences, faculty of management and faculty of economics of University of Tehran. The statistical sample is based on the number of 11 people. The selected managers had more experience than other managers and had at least the rank of associate professor. The main goal of this method is to recognize mental patterns, not to count the number of people who have different thoughts. Factor analysis and principal component analysis have also been used for data analysis. By reviewing the theoretical literature and interviewing the participants, the validity of the research was collected and the validity of the propositions was confirmed by the heads of the departments and faculties. In addition, the reliability coefficient for 30% of the participants were 82%, which indicates a high level of reliability. Finding: In the findings section, the participants identified five mental patterns, including the application of education, the suitability of the student to the needs of the society, attraction to the labor market, research in the university, participation and the development of the student's career. According to the factors or mental patterns from the first to the fifth, it is possible to explain new roles for the heads of faculties and group managers in University of Tehran. Besides, the findings of this research are consistent with the results of other researches in this subject area. In fact, different views have been revealed in the field of graduates' efficiency, which indicate different types of thinking and mental perceptions of research participants. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research show that forty-five factors are involved in the formation of the mindsets of the professors and managers of the three faculties of psychology and educational sciences, management and economics in line with the efficiency of graduates and providing solutions. With the help of these factors and indicators, the efficiency of graduates can be identified. This provides a better tool for policy making and long-term and short-term planning in higher education and facilitates the resolution of the ambiguity of the performance of higher education centers in increasing the efficiency of graduates. Regarding the evaluation of the efficiency of the graduates after graduation, it is suggested that they be evaluated and measured when they are recruited in the labor market, and the necessary measures are compiled and applied in the organization after graduation. Considering the factors and pattern obtained from the factor analysis of graduates' efficiency, it is recommended that in universities and higher education centers, the scientific and skill approach of people should be precisely directed towards their greater efficiency and finally by establishing monitoring and evaluation offices. Graduates should emphasize this importance. All factors and indicators of graduates' efficiency should be compiled in the form of a written program and constantly updated according to the needs of the society and be available to all faculty members, department managers in the faculties of University of Tehran. Also, in order to get to know the academic community more, various conferences can be held focusing on the efficiency of graduates. At the same time, revising laws and providing programs and circulars to support increasing the efficiency of university graduates can provide an effective step in the field of increasing the efficiency of graduates in the higher education system. Considering the limitations of this research, which was implemented only in three selected faculties of University of Tehran, it is suggested that such a research be carried out in all universities of the country and be compared with the results of this study. In addition, in future research, qualitative method such as database theory should be used to measure the efficiency of graduates. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین الگوهای ذهنی کارایی مدیران گروه‌ها و ارائه راه‌حل‌هایی برای آن انجام شده است. روش پژوهش بر حسب هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت اکتشافی (رویکرد کیفی و کمی) است. به عبارتی، روش کیو از منظر رؤسای گروه‌های آموزشی، دانشکده‌ها و استادان دانشگاه تهران نسبت به کارایی دانش‌آموختگان اجرا شده است. برای این کار تعداد 11 نفر از رؤسای گروه‌های آموزشی در سه دانشکده منتخب روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشکده مدیریت و نیز دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران از بین افرادی انتخاب گردید که به دلیل داشتن فعالیت‌های فرهنگی و فوق برنامه اشراف کامل‌تری به کارایی دانش‌آموختگان داشته‌اند. این افراد به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند که با آنها مصاحبه متنی صورت پذیرفت. ابتدا کارت‌های گزاره‌های کیو در بین مشارکت‌کنندگان توزیع گردید. سپس بر اساس کارت‌های توزیع شده در بین مشارکت‌کنندگان از میان 47 گزاره، 42 گزارۀ نهایی شناسایی شد و در نهایت پنج الگوی ذهنی مختلف نسبت به کارایی دانش‌آموختگان در بین اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران مشخص گردید. مواردی همچون؛ کاربردی کردن آموزش، تناسب دانشجو با نیاز جامعه، جذب بازارکار، پژوهش در دانشگاه، مشارکت و رشد حرفه‌ای دانشجو به عنوان عوامل کلیدی شناسایی گردید که این عوامل با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتیجه‌گیری نهایی می‌توان چنین تفسیر نمود که درصد زیادی از گزاره‌ها و الگوهایی شناسایی شده گواه بر ناکارایی دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی است. در بین این گزاره‌ها ذهنیت مدیران از کاربردی کردن آموزش مهمترین تأثیر را بالا بردن کارایی دانش‌آموختگان داشته است.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_153676_2d150cb5c96b6d2d5a20ee8d7a1be130.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Acceptance model of new financial and banking technologies مدل پذیرش فناوری‌های نوین مالی و بانکی 289 306 119512 10.22034/smsj.2022.119512 FA حسین خزاعی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت، گروه مدیریت، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران فرشاد فائزی رازی استادیار ، گروه مدیریت، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران یونس وکیل الرعایا استادیار و رئیس مرکز تحقیقات کارآفرینی، ایده پردازی و تجاری سازی، گروه مدیریت، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران. Journal Article 2020 08 03 Aim and Introduction: The world economy has experienced a huge transformation during the last three decades, partly due to the advancement of information and communication technology. In particular, during the last two decades, the banking industry has invested significant resources in the use of information technologies. In response to privatization, the growth of global networks and the increase in income levels, the banking industry has used new technologies based on the provision of services, which is called electronic banking, and its purpose is to achieve and maintain strategic advantages. Electronic banking includes systems that enable financial institutions, customers, individuals or businesses to access accounts, transact business or obtain information about financial products and services from public or private electronic networks, including benefit from the Internet.. In this situation, with the emergence and development of Internet technologies, companies and banks are adopting e-commerce technologies to increase productivity and quality, reduce operational costs, and respond faster to the needs of customers and business partners. As a result, the adoption and efficient use of e-commerce technologies has become the main concern of managers . Methodology: Financial technology (Fintech) or in simpler terms the innovative use of technology in providing financial services is one of the most important innovations of the financial industry that tries to bring innovation to the field of financial services by using modern technology and this is due Sharing economy is the desirable behavioral rules of information. With the presence of the new generation of customers and their changing taste in using financial services, Fintech promises to transform the financial industry of the 20th century by eliminating additional costs, increasing the quality of financial services and drawing diverse and sustainable perspectives. pay one The development of information technology and infrastructures, big data analysis, and mobile devices have led to the disintermediation of traditional financial companies by fintech startups, which is due to personalization, individualization, and positioning. Financial services are provided by fintechs. Fintech startups have distinguished themselves from traditional financial institutions by personalizing services and services, solutions derived from data, innovative culture and agility in providing customer service, lower rates and fees, and access to diverse services. have done that through mobile phone, cloud data and cloud computing and change in past work methods and restrictive structures can be achieved. Findings: In our country, doing things quickly and not wasting time is considered as the most important element of success in the competition of banks, and customers as the main determinant of this competition, there is a great value for technology and speed, and in the next degree, the technical expertise of banks. it is necessary to explain bank services, especially electronic banking services, and customers have the right to know the services of banks through public media. Therefore, for efficiency, banks need to obtain sufficient information from the customer, understand their interests and desires, and develop relationships with them. In Iran, despite the importance of electronic banking services, a number of customers still prefer to spend time in long bank lines to pay for water, electricity, telephone, etc. or transfer from one account to another. Accordingly, accepting electronic banking in our country is a complex issue. Today, due to the advances in information technology and the impact of this technology on various aspects of life and the emergence of the digital age, change in various fields has become inevitable, and in case of incompatibility of organizations with these changes and innovations, the ineffectiveness of organizations is more than It will be evident . The application of new technologies in the field of financial services creates many opportunities, including many job opportunities for the generation of the third millennium. Fintech companies can take banks out of the traditional structure and speed up the development of the service and product process by improving the digital banking experience and help with the rapid changes in the field of technology, lending process, risk management, etc. Also, various types of technologies such as mobile sales terminals, tablet-based sales terminals, online commerce and companies that are transforming this space and making business easier and cheaper for all parties, double the growth in this field. And in the near future we will witness the complete replacement of wallets with cash and plastic cards. Based on this and considering the importance of accepting new banking financial services, the current research has been conducted with the aim of providing a model of acceptance of Fintech products and services by the customers of the country's banks. Discussion and conclusion: Nowadays, the use of Fintech or innovative application of technology in providing financial services has become an integral part of the banking industry, and banks' cooperation with Fintech startups to transition to digital banking is no longer a choice, but a necessity. The model of acceptance of new financial technologies is presented. In the qualitative section, 77 sub-categories, 16 main categories and 10 final documents were obtained by interviewing theoretical and experimental experts by content analysis method. Then, the conceptual model of the research was designed to enter the quantitative and modeling part. In the quantitative part, using the categories identified in the conceptual model and based on the questionnaire, the model of acceptance of Finatech products and services by the customers of the country's banks was presented by structural equations (PLS). The statistical population in a small part includes the customers of banks and financial institutions that due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by Cochran's formula. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the independent variables of awareness, perceived security, efficiency, convenience and comparative advantage have a positive effect and a negative effect on attitudes toward finitech products and services. Age and experience in relation to independent variables have a positive moderating effect on attitudes toward Fintech products and services. It can be said that attitude has acted as a mediator in the relationship between independent and dependent variables. امروزه فناوری نوین مالی بانکی یا فین تک با توجه به گستردگی استفاده از اینترنت و فناوری اطلاعات اهمیت زیادی در دنیا دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل پذیرش فناوری‌های نوین مالی و بانکی انجام شده است. این مطالعه در دو بخش کیفی و کمی انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، 15 نفر از خبرگان توسط نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی و سطح اشباع برای نمونه آماری و انجام مصاحبه انتخاب شدند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل مصاحبه‌‌ها توسط روش تحلیل محتوا انجام شد و مقوله‌های مدل پذیرش فناوری‌های نوین مالی و بانکی شناسایی شدند. بدین ترتیب تعداد 77 مقوله فرعی، 16 مقوله اصلی و تعداد 10 سند نهایی از تحلیل بخش کیفی حاصل شد. در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه‌ای از مقوله‌های شناسایی شده طراحی شد و در اختیار 384 نفر از مشتریان بانک‌ها و مؤسسات مالی که توسط فرمول کوکران انتخاب شدند قرار گرفت. مقوله‌های شناسایی شده توسط روش آنتروپی شانون، وزندهی و اولویت‌بندی شدند تا مهمترین مقوله‌ها برای پذیرش فناوریهای نوین مالی و بانکی مشخص گردند. نتایج نشان داد که زیرمقوله‌های راهبردهای سازمانی با وزن 0231/0، ایجاد سرعت در پذیرش نوآوری با وزن 0222/0 و سرمایه‌گذاری و چالش‌ها با وزن 0222/0 بالاترین اهمیت را در میان سایر زیرمقوله‌های شناسایی شده دارا هستند.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_119512_616be2219b89f49eedde3cb5c2a908ae.pdf

انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایران فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی 2228-6853 13 50 2022 06 22 Designing a model for evaluating the performance of organizational decision maker units طراحی مدل تلفیقی ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای تصمیم‌گیر سازمانی 307 330 152224 10.22034/smsj.2022.152224 FA نوید شریفی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی 0000-0001-5000-2096 مقصود امیری هیات علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی لعیا الفت مدیریت صنعتی،استاد،دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی امیر یوسفلی مدیریت صنعتی،دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی،قزوین Journal Article 2021 07 06 Aim and Introduction: Today's complex environment confronts organizations with the constant challenge of achieving goals. The existence of a performance appraisal system to monitor the performance of the organization in achieving goals is inevitable. Organizations in today's competitive environment are successful if they put their performance appraisal on the agenda with high accuracy. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated model for evaluating the performance of decision-making units with appropriate resolution (Case study: higher education institutions). Methodology: The research has a descriptive-explanatory aspect in terms of method. In terms of research orientation, it is developmental and has used survey strategies. The statistical population includes university experts in Semnan, 57 of whom were randomly selected. The data collection tool has developed two questionnaires whose content validity and structure are based on expert opinion and factor analysis; Their reliability has been confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of more than 0.7. The fuzzy inference rules were also developed based on the opinions of five selected academic experts. "Data Envelopment Analysis" was also used to evaluate the performance of the mathematical planning approach. Findings: The design of the integrated model began with the identification of appropriate indicators and structures for evaluating the performance of higher education institutions. Findings include the identification of 9 input variables and 17 output variables. After performing factor analysis on the indicators, three structures of student admission status; manpower status, and infrastructure status with input nature and three structures of educational and research status of students; status of university incomes and status of university services were identified as output structures. Another finding of the research is the development of 27 rules for calculating the value of each structure by the Mamdani fuzzy inference system. The results showed that the proposed model evaluated 6 units as efficient, which is much less than the other four models identified as efficient. Also, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test show that the average efficiency rating of the proposed model is lower than other models, which confirms this claim. Discussion and conclusion: Organizations, especially in today's complex environment, need performance appraisal to be aware of the success of their activities. Performance appraisal provides the basis for continuous improvement, growth, and development of organizations. Performance evaluation determines the achievement of the organization's goals. Managers are aware of the challenges ahead and determine the success rate of policies implemented. Performance appraisal improves employee motivation in line with the desired behavior of the organization and is one of the requirements of the organization. Due to the necessity of discussing various models with different origins, it has been designed to evaluate performance. Meanwhile, the data envelopment analysis model is one of the most widely used models in the field of operations research due to its advantages. The multiplicity of input and output variables in data envelopment analysis poses the challenge of reducing the resolution of decision-making units. Various methods have been developed to address this shortcoming. In the meantime, reducing input and output variables by considering the preservation of information contained in them is one of the common solutions. Despite many studies, there is still no agreement among researchers on the best way to reduce variables. A review of the research background showed that two objective and subjective approaches are often used separately to reduce the variables. Considering the advantages of both approaches and neglecting their simultaneous use in most studies, the integrated research model is designed based on subjective approaches that focus on the opinions of experts and an objective approach that has tried to reduce variables according to the data model. Is. In this way, the results of performance evaluation are as real as possible and at the same time with high resolution. محیط پیچیده امروز، سازمان‌ها را با چالش رسیدن به اهداف مواجه می‌کند. وجود نظام ارزیابی عملکرد برای پایش عملکرد سازمان در دستیابی به اهداف اجتناب ناپذیر است. بنابراین هدف اصلی این مقاله ارائه مدل تلفیقی برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای تصمیمگیر با قدرت تفکیک‌پذیری مناسب (مورد مطالعه: موسسات آموزش عالی) است. پژوهش از حیث روش جنبه توصیفی- تبیینی دارد. از لحاظ جهت‌گیری پژوهش توسعه‌ای است. جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان دانشگاهی شهر سمنان می باشند که 57 نفر آنها به روش تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها دو پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است که روایی محتوا و سازه آنها به استناد نظر خبرگان و تحلیل عاملی و پایایی آنها به استناد مقدارآلفای کرونباخ بیشتر از 0.7 مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. قوانین استنتاج فازی نیز بر اساس نظر پنج نفر از خبرگان منتخب دانشگاهی تدوین شد. همچنین برای ارزیابی عملکرد، رویکرد برنامهریزی ریاضی «تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها» مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها شامل شناسایی 9 متغیر ورودی و 8 متغیر خروجی است. پس از انجام تحلیل عاملی بر روی شاخص‌ها سه سازه وضعیت پذیرش دانشجو، وضعیت نیروی انسانی و وضعیت زیرساخت با ماهیت ورودی و سه سازه وضعیت آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشجویان، وضعیت درآمدهای دانشگاهی و وضعیت ارائه خدمات دانشگاهی به عنوان سازه‌های خروجی شناسایی شدند. تدوین 27 قانون برای محاسبه مقدار هر سازه توسط سیستم استنتاج فازی ممدانی از دیگر یافته‌های پژوهش است. مدل پیشنهادی6 واحد را کارا ارزیابی نموده است که در مقایسه با واحدهای کارای شناسایی شده چهار مدل دیگر به مراتب کمتر است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون کروسکال- والیس گویای میانگین رتبه کارایی کمتر مدل پیشنهادی نسبت به سایر مدل‌ها است که تاییدی بر این مدعا می‌باشد.

https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_152224_e2a9f56b801f7ef0a1ac7d61ff89c6d2.pdf