انجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Conceptualizing the social-oriented strategies for Businessesمفهوم پردازی راهبردهای اجتماع محور بنگاههای کسبوکار12016379710.22034/smsj.2022.163797FAمعصومهقاسمی شمسدانشجوی دکتری - گروه مدیریت بازرگانی-دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری-دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران-تهران، ایران.وحیدخاشعیدانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری ،دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی ،تهران ، ایرانمحسناکبریدانشیار، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران0000-0003-1884-6656مهدیابراهیمیاستادیار، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائیJournal Article20210706<strong> Introduction</strong>: In the present era, the nature and view of business activity has changed and expectations from businesses in solving social problems have increased more and more, so examining the various approaches to these strategies and identifying the consequences can help how companies choose strategically in relation to Social Issues. A review of the literature reveals that the concepts in this field have undergone many changes and newer perspectives more emphasis on the way companies communicate with society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a framework from an integrated and comprehensive perspective of social-based strategies that can have wider implications for society. The contribution of this study in theoretical value-added is that by examining the content of the formation of strategies that are conceptualized in this study social-based strategies, we reach a more comprehensive and systematic perspective that includes all the conditions and tools for achieving such strategies with specific consequences. Be. Thus, the problem of the present study, the reflection on the field of study and the development of existing reserves in this field, is based on a systematic research to clarify the way for researchers in the field of strategic management and economic actors.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Sandelowski and Barroso (2006) models have been used to solve the problem and answer the researcher's questions and among the existing models for implementing the meta-synthesis method. For this purpose, for a deep understanding of the phenomenon, the interpretive approach was adopted and the meta-synthesis method was used to consolidate and expand the previous theories. Out of the total collection of reviewed articles, 66 qualified articles from all qualitative and quantitative researches related to the last 15 years have been included in English and Persian.<br /><strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>: </strong>After studying and evaluating the content of articles and extracting related codes and concepts, the content of social-based strategies was identified. According to the literature, two responsible orientations of companies towards society, namely regulatory orientation and change orientation, form the content of social-based strategies, which were named as regulatory social-based strategies and inclusive social-based strategies. In fact, social-based regulatory strategies are among the strategies that have been previously discussed in the literature as social responsibility strategies related to the business core of and with the aim of gaining a competitive advantage. But inclusive social-based strategies include practices that are likely to go beyond the business core and lead to broader consequences such as inclusive development and community resilience. Findings also show that the content of these two types of strategies in several components including responsible orientation ;perspectives, values and mission; level of analysis; dominant institutional logic; motivation and expected effects and emphasis on value; relationship with corporate governance; perspective or approach Dominance; strategic focus; broad-scale consequences; ultimate goal and orientation to society are different.<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>This study tried to help organizations by identifying social-based practices that have a strategic aspect to create purposeful programs and processes to improve the overall well-being of society and ultimately create synergistic value for the organization. Understanding the mechanisms that explain why and how companies are moving toward social-based strategies is also one of the most challenging topics in management studies. Our findings may serve as a springboard for further research to encourage firms to identify components and effective measures to formulate such strategies. It can also act as a practical tool for managing social-based strategies both at the company level and at the extra-organizational level. Finally, the aim of this study was to track the content components of corporate social-based strategies based on a review of the existing literature. To pursue this goal, it is clear from the literature review that there is no comprehensive approach to the content of social-based strategy with the aim and concern of solving social problems and finally broader consequences such as inclusive development and resilience of society and describe its distinction with social-based strategies such as They have a competitive advantage and a win-win relationship with society.ازآنجاکه در عصر حاضر ماهیت و نگاه به فعالیت کسبوکارها دچار تحولاتی شده و انتظارات از کسبوکارها در زمینه حل مسائل اجتماعی بیشازپیش بالا رفته است، بنابراین بررسی انواع رویکردها به این راهبردها و شناسایی پیامدهای حاصل از آن، میتواند به نحوه انتخاب راهبردی شرکتها با در نظر گرفتن مسائل اجتماعی کمک کند. با مرور پیشینۀ تحقیق مشخص میشود که مفاهیم این حوزه دچار تغییر و تحولات بسیاری شده است و دیدگاههای جدیدتر بر شیوه گفتمان شرکتها با جامعه تأکید بیشتری دارند. ازاینرو هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه یک چارچوب از دیدگاه یکپارچه و فراگیر از راهبردهای اجتماعمحوری است که میتواند پیامدهای گستردهتری برای جامعه داشته باشد. بدین منظور برای درک عمیق از پدیده، رویکرد تفسیرگرایی اتخاذ و از روش فراترکیب، برای تجمیع و بسط نظریههای پیشین استفاده شد. از کل مجموعه مقالات بررسیشده 66 مقاله واجد شرایط از تمام تحقیقات کیفی و کمی مربوط به 15 سال اخیر به زبان انگلیسی و فارسی را در برگرفته است. پس از مطالعه و ارزیابی محتوای مقالات و استخراج کدها و مفاهیم مرتبط، محتوای راهبردهای اجتماعمحور مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. طبق ادبیات دو جهتگیری مسئولانه شرکتها در قبال جامعه یعنی جهتگیری تنظیم و جهتگیری تغییر، محتوای راهبردهای اجتماعمحور را شکل میدهند، که با عنوان راهبردهای اجتماعمحور تنظیم گرا و راهبردهای اجتماعمحور فراگیر نامگذاری شدند. در پایان پس از جمعبندی چارچوب مفهومی از دستهبندی شناساییشده حاصل از این راهبردها و محتوای و پیامدهای آن ارائه داده شد.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163797_4e33c5cdfbbcb88aece99c4b225605be.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Designing an advertising strategy to recreate the mental image of the tourists based on the theory of planned behaviorطراحی استراتژی تبلیغاتی بازآفرینی تصویر ذهنی رفتار برنامهریزی شده گردشگران214116381910.22034/smsj.2022.163819FAبهمنحاجی پوردانشیار، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.0000-0001-8972-4002هلایوسفدانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.غلامحسینخورشیدیاستاد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.0000-0002-9915-5074محمدرضاحمیدی زادهگروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران0000-0002-7325-0516Journal Article20220705<strong> Introduction:</strong> Tourism day by day is getting developed rapidly and has become one of the most effective industries in many countries. This study comes in view of the great significance of the influence of tourism field on other economic sectors, and in accordance with the increasing application of the concept of destination image in the tourism sector, where the mental image of a travel destination has an important role in convincing people to visit that place. So, Due to the increasing importance of tourism in today's world, the present study tries to design an appropriate and effective advertising strategy to reconstruct the mental image of tourists about crisis-prone tourism destinations. To achieve this goal, the theory of planned behavior, which is based on three elements (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), has been used in this research.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: The current research is a descriptive-exploratory-analytical research. This research is based on a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in which grounded theory is used in the qualitative part and structural equation modeling and factor analysis are used in the quantitative part of the research. Data were collected in the first part of the research through interviews with Syrian and Iranian tourism industry experts, and then in the second part of the questionnaire, 425 participants who were divided between 246 women and 179 men, all of whom were educated, were collected. The sampling method in both sections was purposive sampling. To analyze data collected in the qualitative part, Atlas Ti software was used, and in the quantitative part of the research, structural equation modeling and factor analysis have been used. It should be noted that before modeling the structural equations, the sample adequacy test was examined through KMO indices and Bartlett's test, and the research variables were analyzed by LISREL 8.80 software. The main question of the research was: How should the advertising strategy be designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists?, And sub-questions which was designed to simplify finding the answer to the main research question, are: 1-Who is the target audience that will be influenced by the advertising strategy considered by the research?, 2-What should be the content of advertisements in the purpose of reconstruct the mental image of tourists in times of crisis in countries?, 3-What is the desired media for reconstructing the mental image of tourists?, 4-How often should the advertisement needed to reconstruct the mental image be repeated?
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>:</strong> Based on interviews with experts, the dimensions of the required advertising strategy were determined, and then the elements of each of these dimensions were named. After that, in the quantitative analysis section, the questionnaire was built based on the results of the analysis of previous interviews, and it was conducted on a large group of participants, up to 425 participants. Accordingly, the following was found: according to the situation in Syria, the target audience should be neighboring countries or friendly countries. Agencies operating in foreign countries may also be considered as target audiences. The content of the ads is better to be the details of other people's travels, focusing on the desert, historical and ancient sites, places that were exposed to war, using a combination of types of ads that include video, photos, and posters. Media used include Facebook, websites, LinkedIn, TV shows, word of mouth, international tourism exhibitions, celebrities, and public figures. The role of embassies, tourism ministries of countries, and tourism companies also should be taken into consideration. Finally, about the number of times the ad is repeated, it is specified that the ad should be more than 4 times a day, and the ad should be used for a long time (at least 6 months). Regarding the factors related to the dimensions of the planned behavior theory, it has been identified that there must be several points in order for these dimensions to be effective and active. Elements related to attitude are: the honesty of the advertisement and the accuracy of its information, the effect of social media on people's feelings, perceptions and motivations , and variety and attractiveness of advertising ideas. About mental norms: Feeling comfortable and safe from getting feedback and face-to-face information about travel and destination tourism services from people who have already tried the travel experience, gather information about the beauty of the destination and its scenic and historical areas, the impact of the celebrities' lives, experiences and the information they provide to people on increasing people's desire to travel. Recently, regarding perceived behavioral control: showing the return of security to the tourist destination in advertising, demonstrate the efforts of governments to protect their citizens and restore security to their country in ads, use the domestic tourist trips' records and videos , where tourists are happily and safely travels between beautiful areas and destinations that have already been exposed to war.<br /><strong> Conclusion</strong>: In the end, based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis, an appropriate advertising strategy was designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists for the crisis-hit countries, especially consistent with the special conditions experienced by Syria. Where this strategy is built on four dimensions which are the target audience, the content, the media and the number of ad repetitions to obtain the best results desired from it.<br />Methodology: The current research is a descriptive-exploratory-analytical research. This research is based on a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in which grounded theory is used in the qualitative part and structural equation modeling and factor analysis are used in the quantitative part of the research. Data were collected in the first part of the research through interviews with Syrian and Iranian tourism industry experts, and then in the second part of the questionnaire, 425 participants who were divided between 246 women and 179 men, all of whom were educated, were collected. The sampling method in both sections was purposive sampling. To analyze data collected in the qualitative part, Atlas Ti software was used, and in the quantitative part of the research, structural equation modeling and factor analysis have been used. It should be noted that before modeling the structural equations, the sample adequacy test was examined through KMO indices and Bartlett's test, and the research variables were analyzed by LISREL 8.80 software. The main question of the research was: How should the advertising strategy be designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists?, And sub-questions which was designed to simplify finding the answer to the main research question, are: 1-Who is the target audience that will be influenced by the advertising strategy considered by the research?, 2-What should be the content of advertisements in the purpose of reconstruct the mental image of tourists in times of crisis in countries?, 3-What is the desired media for reconstructing the mental image of tourists?, 4-How often should the advertisement needed to reconstruct the mental image be repeated?<br />Findings: Based on interviews with experts, the dimensions of the required advertising strategy were determined, and then the elements of each of these dimensions were named. After that, in the quantitative analysis section, the questionnaire was built based on the results of the analysis of previous interviews, and it was conducted on a large group of participants, up to 425 participants. Accordingly, the following was found: according to the situation in Syria, the target audience should be neighboring countries or friendly countries. Agencies operating in foreign countries may also be considered as target audiences. The content of the ads is better to be the details of other people's travels, focusing on the desert, historical and ancient sites, places that were exposed to war, using a combination of types of ads that include video, photos, and posters. Media used include Facebook, websites, LinkedIn, TV shows, word of mouth, international tourism exhibitions, celebrities, and public figures. The role of embassies, tourism ministries of countries, and tourism companies also should be taken into consideration. Finally, about the number of times the ad is repeated, it is specified that the ad should be more than 4 times a day, and the ad should be used for a long time (at least 6 months). Regarding the factors related to the dimensions of the planned behavior theory, it has been identified that there must be several points in order for these dimensions to be effective and active. Elements related to attitude are: the honesty of the advertisement and the accuracy of its information, the effect of social media on people's feelings, perceptions and motivations , and variety and attractiveness of advertising ideas. About mental norms: Feeling comfortable and safe from getting feedback and face-to-face information about travel and destination tourism services from people who have already tried the travel experience, gather information about the beauty of the destination and its scenic and historical areas, the impact of the celebrities' lives, experiences and the information they provide to people on increasing people's desire to travel. Recently, regarding perceived behavioral control: showing the return of security to the tourist destination in advertising, demonstrate the efforts of governments to protect their citizens and restore security to their country in ads, use the domestic tourist trips' records and videos , where tourists are happily and safely travels between beautiful areas and destinations that have already been exposed to war. <br />Discussion and Conclusion: In the end, based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis, an appropriate advertising strategy was designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists for the crisis-hit countries, especially consistent with the special conditions experienced by Syria. Where this strategy is built on four dimensions which are the target audience, the content, the media and the number of ad repetitions to obtain the best results desired from it.هدف پژوهش طراحی استراتژی تبلیغاتی موثر برای بازآفرینی تصویر ذهنی گردشگران از مقاصد گردشگری بحرانزده میباشد. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی- اکتشافی- تحلیلی است و مبتنی بر روش ترکیبی (کیفی- کمّی) است که در بخش کیفی از نظریه دادهبنیاد و در بخش کمی از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شده است. دادهها در بخش اول از طریق مصاحبه با کارشناسان صنعت گردشگری سوریه و ایران جمعآوری و در بخش دوم از پرسشنامه تکمیلی 425 شرکتکننده که بین 246 زن و 179 مرد تقسیم، گردآوری شدهاند. روش نمونهگیری در هر دو بخش نمونهگیری هدفمند بود. برای تحلیل دادهها در بخش کیفی از نرمافزار Atlas Ti و در بخش کمی از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شده است. به علاوه، آزمون کفایت نمونه از طریق شاخصهای KMO و آزمون بارتلت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و متغیرهای تحقیق توسط نرمافزار 80/8 LISREL مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. با توجه به وضعیت سوریه، مخاطبان هدف باید کشورهای همسایه، کشورهای دوست و یا آژانسهای فعال در کشورهای خارجی باشند. محتوای تبلیغات بهتر است بر جزئیات سفر دیگران، کویر، مکانهای تاریخی و باستانی، مقاصدی که بحرانزده بودهاند و استفاده از ترکیبی از انواع تبلیغات شامل ویدئو، عکس و پوستر متمرکز باشد. رسانهها شامل فیسبوک، وب سایتها، لینکدین، نمایشهای تلویزیونی، تبلیغات توصیۀ، نمایشگاههای بین المللی گردشگری، افراد مشهور و استفاده از سفارتخانهها، وزارتخانههای گردشگری و شرکتهای گردشگری است. تعداد دفعات تکرار تبلیغ حداقل باید بیش از 4 بار در روز باشد و از تبلیغ برای (حداقل 6 ماه) استفاده شود.<br />با توجه به وضعیت سوریه، مخاطبان هدف باید کشورهای همسایه، کشورهای دوست و یا آژانسهای فعال در کشورهای خارجی باشند. محتوای تبلیغات بهتر است بر جزییات سفر دیگران، کویر، مکانهای تاریخی و باستانی، مقاصدی بحرانزده بودهاند و استفاده از ترکیبی از انواع تبلیغات شامل ویدئو، عکس و پوستر متمرکز باشد. رسانهها شامل فیسبوک، وب سایتها، لینکدین، نمایشهای تلویزیونی، تبلیغات توصیۀ، نمایشگاههای بین المللی گردشگری، افراد مشهور و استفاده از سفارتخانهها، وزارتخانههای گردشگری و شرکتهای گردشگری است. تعداد دفعات تکرار تبلیغ حد اقل باید بیش از 4 بار در روز باشد و از تبلیغ برای (حداقل 6 ماه) استفاده شود.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163819_7d943db53e1b602331285961a1b5ee47.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Analysis the of institutions’ interaction for regional entrepreneurship developmentتحلیل تعامل نهادها درتوسعه کارآفرینی منطقهای436415318210.22034/smsj.2022.153182FAبهمنخداپناهدانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانمحمد علیمرادیدانشیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران. ایرانحمیدپاداشاستادیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانکمالسخدریاستادیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20211108<strong> Introduction:</strong> To analyze the impact of institutions on the level of entrepreneurship, growth and ultimately economic development, we need to examine the data over time; and because systematic statistics on entrepreneurship have not yet been provided, the empirical literature linking entrepreneurship and institutions is still recognized as an emerging field. Most studies to date have this is how the institutional framework determines the level of entrepreneurial activity. Culture as one of the prominent institutional characteristics influences the level of entrepreneurial activities. In fact, entrepreneurial perception is considered as a part of local culture that stimulates productive entrepreneurship. One way to overcome these limitations are the institutions that are needed to describe the gift of entrepreneurship in different regions. This idea may be useful in understanding how entrepreneurship works in different regions. In view of the above, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze previous studies conducted in the field of institutions that lead to the development of entrepreneurial activities in different regions.<br /> <strong>Methodology: </strong>The method of this research is qualitative and has been done using meta-analysis. A meta-analysis is a qualitative study that examines information and findings extracted from other qualitative studies related to the same topic. As a result, the sample for meta-analysis consists of selected qualitative studies and based on their relationship with the research question. Hypertext is not an integrated review of the qualitative literature of the subject. Also, the analysis of secondary data and primary data is not from selected studies, but rather, the analysis of the findings of these studies. In other words, meta-analysis is the interpretive composition of the main data interpretations of the selected studies. In order to analyze the research data, two levels of open and axial coding have been used.<br /><strong> </strong>
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>:</strong> A review of selected research shows that physical infrastructure is one of the most important factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship at the regional level. Infrastructure includes roads, waterways and airports, efficient communication devices and integrated distribution channels. Areas with well-developed infrastructure enable entrepreneurs to identify market needs, respond quickly to them, and invest in new ones. In contrast, the lack of related infrastructure and basic services (health and financial care) can force people with the necessary entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and talent to relocate or prevent them from doing business at the regional level. Population size and income composition and distribution also affect demand for goods and services at the regional and local levels. Changes in population size lead to changes in aggregate demand for goods and services. Changes in population composition and income distribution reduce demand for certain goods and services and increase demand for others. A region can attract companies whose markets are compatible with its population composition and revenue level. Policies for the benefit of businesses at the regional level, especially those related to information and communication technology, are stimulated through institutions such as universities, science parks and venture capital firms. Markets are critical to identifying and seizing opportunities. Population size, composition and expansion, as well as income levels in a region, provide opportunities for new businesses to subsequently expand their markets to other regions.<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong> According to the research findings, regional entrepreneurship development with the main characteristics of growth and development in GDP, increasing the level and per capita employment in the region, increasing the rate of entrepreneurial activities and the rate of provincial innovation (number of patents registered), The institutional context, along with factors such as 1. Policy-making at three levels: national, regional and local; 2. Physical infrastructure including air infrastructure, rail infrastructure, road infrastructure, gas access, water access, electricity access, and 3- Commodity market or economic infrastructure including regional labor market, human capital, enterprise mix (SME and large) And the structure of the region's industry stimulated entrepreneurial activity. The importance of the dimensions of entrepreneurial regions does not mean that all entrepreneurial activities are influenced by regional conditions and variables, and certainly national components are also very important in describing entrepreneurial activities, which means that these conditions are more between countries and not between different regions. Countries change (for example, tax laws); Some conditions are also determined based on the characteristics of individuals. However, a wide range of empirical and theoretical findings suggest that in addition to the national framework, there are many other conditions that vary between different regions of a country and affect individuals' decisions about self-employment. The term "entrepreneurial atmosphere" integrates many of these regional characteristics that are at least able to influence the decision of local people to start and not to start a startup and even the future success and failure of a startup. Existence of programs to support entrepreneurship, perception, views and skills of the population about startups or the existence of support centers and promoters of startups, including universities with related fields and innovative companies, are examples of such characteristics of areas under the umbrella of entrepreneurship.هدف اصلی از انجام پژوهش حاضر شناسایی و تحلیل مطالعات پیشین در زمینه نهادهای مؤثر بر توسعه فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه در مناطق مختلف است. برای این منظور با مراجعه با پایگاه گوگل اسکالر مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژههای منتخب استخراج و نسبت به تحلیل آنها اقدام شد. در گام نخست 890 مقاله شناسایی گردید که پس از تصفیه مقالات با روشهای مختلف، تعداد مقالات قابل تحلیل به 19 مورد تقلیل یافت. در مرحله بعدی با استفاده از استراتژی بررسی نظاممند، مقالات منتخب را از ابعاد مختلف (نام و نام خانوادگی نویسنده، سال، مسئله اصلی، پارادایم پژوهشی و نظریه مبنا) بررسی نموده و سپس با استفاده از نرمافزار اطلس تی. آی، متن مقالات در دو مرحله باز و محوری کدگذاری گردید. در مرحله کدگذاری باز 71 کد و در مرحله کدگذاری محوری 3 کد (سیاستگذاری، زیرساختی، بازار کالا یا زیرساخت اقتصادی) به دست آمد. طبق یافتههای پژوهش توسعه کارآفرینی منطقهای با مشخصه اصلی رشد و توسعه در تولید ناخالص داخلی، افزایش سطح و سرانه اشتغال در منطقه، افزایش نرخ فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه و نرخ نوآوری استانی (تعداد پتنتهای ثبت شده)، در شرایطی محقق میگردد که بستر نهادی در کنار عواملی چون 1) سیاستگذاری در سه سطح ملی، منطقهای و محلی؛ 2) زیرساختهای فیزیکی شامل زیرساخت هوایی، زیرساخت ریلی، زیرساخت جادهای، دسترسی به گاز، دسترسی به آب، دسترسی به برق و غیره و 3) بازار کالاها یا زیرساخت اقتصادی شامل بازار کار منطقه، سرمایه انسانی، ترکیب بنگاهها (SME و بزرگ) و ساختار صنعت منطقه، موجبات تحریک فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه را فراهم آورد.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_153182_83b0c0a34c7637f0043b1928a8ac2cbe.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Public policy based on behavioral approachسیاستگذاری عمومی با رویکرد رفتاری659316380410.22034/smsj.2022.319087.1595FAمیثممظفردانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایرانعلیرضامعینیدانشیار، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایرانیاسرسبحانی فرددانشیار، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20211209 <strong>Introduction</strong>: In developed countries, governments (regardless of the rightness or wrongness of their goals) by complex methods tocontrol the society and direct the social behavior of the citizens, and they intervene in the society so that the citizens behave in accordance with their interests with satisfaction, positive feeling and completely with their own authority and show the whole society. Policy makers usually use the laws and dynamics governing, the behavior of individuals andcommunities, advantage of them by benefiting from them, healthy behaviors (by their own standards, of course), coherent societies and stable systems have created The fact is that many daily human behaviors are not done with reflection or even consciously, but are based on feelings, habits, expectations of others, environmental conditions, perceptual and cognitive errors and etc. This question is raised, how can the complexity of human behavior be included in policy making? Change in complex and extensive human and social systems (and that too in the short term) is likely to be very limited, and politicians, academics, and the public must adjust their mental scale to fit the facts. Public policies are diverse and diverse in terms of approaches, methods, goals and topics; in many of these policies, we can raise the question of how to bring benefits and benefits to individuals and the whole society by making changes in the behavior of people and communities. Getting rid of drug and psychoactive addiction, saving energy, legality, greater stability and stability of the family institution, political participation, improving driving and traffic behaviors, improving eating habits, helping fellow humans, observing health and preventing diseases, and dozens of other behaviors. All of them are behavioral issues that can be subject to the attention of policy makers in different fields. The aim of this research is to identify the components and requirements of public policy implementation with a behavioral approach.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: This research is a philosophical point of view, an interpretive point of view, an observational point of view, an inductive point of view, the point of view of strategy, the point of view of archival research, from the point of view of time horizon, the point of view of single-section type and the point of view of collection techniques and procedures. Data based on published documents/articles. The research strategy was a systematic literature review and the technique used was thematic analysis. total of 376 researches/articles refined during 4 stages and at the end, 191 researches remained. These articles were extracted from 6 international reliable databases (ScienceDirect, Emerald, Sage, Springer, Wiley and Routledge). Six databases have been selected to review the articles in this field because these databases complement each other ,cover each other's strengths,weaknesses and increase the validity of the research.<br />In order to check the validity, by using the three-way technique, the calculated codes and compiled themes were adapted to other sources (selected articles and existing books in the field of behavioral policy) and their accuracy ensured. In addition, the members of the research team asked to check the calculated codes and compiled themes. In this way, the text of the interviews revised with the extracted codes by two members of the team. The inclusion and comprehensibility of the themes also confirmed by the research team. Finally, an external auditor used to evaluate the coded codes and developed themes.<br />To calculate the reliability of coding in this research, the test-retest reliability technique used. In this way, a coder encodes a text in two different times. In retest reliability, a number of articles selected as samples and each of them coded again in a certain time interval. In this study, six articles (each from the same database) selected and the researcher re-coded each of them twice, at a fourteen-day interval. The total number of codes in a two-week interval is equal to 70, and the total number of agreements between codes is equal to 29. According to the retest reliability formula, the retest reliability rate is 82.9% and considering that it is more than the recommended minimum value of 60%, it can be said that the coding of the article has sufficient and necessary reliability.
<strong>Results and Discussion: </strong>According to the findings, 98 meaningful propositions, 126 codes and finally, 8 themes identified as components of behavioral policy: 1) structuring choices, 2) preserving freedom and discretion, 3) leveraging restrictions. Cognitive biases, 4) valuing and liberalism, 5) information-centric, 6) evidence-centric, 7) manipulation of norms, preferences and beliefs, and 8) social contractism. In addition, 117 meaningful propositions, 133 codes and finally, 24 themes were identified as operational requirements of behavioral policy.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The effective implementation of behavioral policy requires taking into account 24 requirements, including avoiding any kind of coercion, defining the principles and territory precisely, bias control strategies, using different methods and disciplines, establishing policy laboratories and flipping units, using scientists and experts. The following concepts are the results: behavioral, evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness, use of feedback loops, experiments with a sufficient number of subjects, flips do not work always and everywhere, attention to evidence, analysis of the decision-making process, precise definition of the problem, selection of information sources and appropriate communication channels, awareness of the intentions and goals of policymakers, defining the framework of using nudges, considering social-psychological-cultural characteristics, having a political network, attracting the support of policymakers, cooperation of policy stakeholders, being aware of the preferences of policy stakeholders , incorporating dynamism and flexibility, ethical considerations and transparency.سیاستهای عمومی، از منظر رویکردها، روشها، اهداف و موضوعات، متنوع و گوناگون هستند؛ در بسیاری از این سیاستها، میتوان این پرسش را مطرح نمود که چگونه با ایجاد تغییراتی در رفتار انسانها و اجتماعات، میتوان فواید و عوایدی را نصیب افراد و کل جامعه کرد؟ ترک اعتیاد به مواد مخدر و روانگردان، صرفهجویی در مصرف انرژی، قانونپذیری، استحکام و پایداری بیشتر نهاد خانواده، مشارکت سیاسی، بهبود رانندگی و رفتارهای ترافیکی، اصلاح عادات غذایی، کمک به همنوعان، رعایت بهداشت و پیشگیری از بیماریها و دهها رفتار دیگر، همگی موضوعات رفتاری هستند که میتوانند در معرض توجه سیاستگذاران حوزههای مختلف قرار بگیرند. هدف این پژوهش آن است که مولفهها و الزامات اجرای سیاستگذاری عمومی با رویکرد رفتاری شناسایی گردد. استراتژی پژوهش، مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات و تکنیک مورد استفاده، تحلیل مضمون بود. در مجموع 376 پژوهش/مقاله طی 4 مرحله پالایش شد و در انتها، 191 پژوهش باقی ماند. این مقالات از 6 پایگاه داده معتبر بینالمللی (ScienceDirect، Emerald، Sage، Springer، Wiley و Routledge) استخراج گردید. طبق یافتهها، 98 گزاره معنیدار، 126 کد و در نهایت، 8 مضمون به عنوان مولفههای سیاستگذاری رفتاری شناسایی گردید: 1) ساختاردهی به انتخابها، 2) حفظ آزادی و اختیار، 3) اهرمسازی محدودیتها و سوگیریهای شناختی، 4) قیممآبی و لیبرالیسم، 5) اطلاعاتمحوری، 6) شواهدمحوری، 7) دستکاری هنجارها، ترجیحات و باورها، و 8) قراردادگرایی اجتماعی. به علاوه، 117 گزاره معنیدار، 133 کد و در نهایت، 24 مضمون به مثابۀ الزامات اجرایی سیاستگذاری رفتاری شناسایی گردید. https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163804_3587ccdd7aefeff9b35b424f20abeb1d.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Complications of organizational Insentience of human capitalعارضهپردازی بیحسی سازمانی سرمایههای انسانی9512316380010.22034/smsj.2022.163800FAمحمدامینآئینیدانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایرانسید نجم الدینموسویدانشیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایرانرضاسپهونداستاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایرانامیرهوشنگنظرپوریدانشیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایرانJournal Article20210904<strong> Introduction:</strong> In recent years, organizational complications have received more attention from leading organizations due to the negative effects they have on human resources and organizations. To the extent that avoiding this negative complication has become one of the most important concerns of managers of organizations. The effects of adverse effects on human capital, through which the main mission of the organization is performed, are much more severe. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the complication of organizational anesthesia in human capital based on Grounded Theory.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory research method in terms of data foundation approach. The statistical population in the present study included experts in the field of management and organization in the National Gas Company of Kermanshah province who based on criteria such as practical experience of at least 5 years of supervision or management and at least a bachelor's degree in management-related fields, using bullet sampling method. Snowy was selected and finally 13 interviews were conducted until the theoretical saturation of the data was reached. Data collection tools also included semi-structured interviews that after the end of in-depth interviews, the typed text of the interviews was fully entered into the Max QDA 2020 software for the relevant analysis. To ensure the validity of the research, the peer review method and in order to measure the reliability of the concepts, sub-components and identified components, the agreement index between the two coders has been used.
<strong>Results and Discussion: </strong> Research findings in accordance with the main research questions that were posed as follows; What are the main factors, staff strategies and consequences of the negative complication of organizational anesthesia in human capital? And how can these factors be presented in the form of a conceptual model? Were presented. Accordingly, the findings showed 367 open codes, 77 central codes and 24 selected codes in the form of a six-variable model including causal factors (with main components: lack of meritocracy in the organization, injustice in the organization, manager's indifference to staff growth and Economic and personal issues), contextual (with main components; personal characteristics, inappropriate system of encouragement and punishment, conflicting goals and disregard for employees' interests and opinions), intervening (with main components; organizational and social culture , Importance and attention to modeling, extra-organizational issues and factors reducing job success), central phenomenon (with the main components; silent underemployment, organizational indifference, organizational indifference and organizational numbness), strategies (with the main components; negative psychological issues In the individual, reducing commitment and participation, reducing the quantity and quality of work and expressing dissatisfaction and protest) and the consequences of the complication of organizational anesthesia of human capital in Kermanshah National Gas Company (with the main components; reducing individual and organizational productivity, increasing Organizational misconduct, dislike and disregard for work and organization, and widespread dissatisfaction) have been reported.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human capital is the main and growing factor of businesses and unlike physical capital, human capital is a stable input in the process of production and service delivery, whose efficiency and effectiveness is much more stable than other resources of the organization and not paying attention to The pervasive organizational implications of these investments in the long run have high adjustment costs for each business and organization. Accordingly, one of the important and practical results of the present study included identifying the most important components of organizational anesthesia in human capital such as incompetence and injustice in the organization, manager's lack of importance to staff growth and economic and personal issues. These factors, as causal factors, play the most important role in creating organizational anesthesia in human capital, which should be carefully studied by company officials and managers. In addition, the most important consequences of this negative complication in the organization include; Decreased individual and organizational productivity, increased disruption in the organization, dislike and disregard for work and organization, and pervasive dissatisfaction. In fact, one of the most important results of the present study is to identify the consequences of organizational anesthesia in the human capital of the National Gas Company, which has not been studied in other studies and can be said that comprehensive identification of this complication is very reducing and negative The innovations of the present study have provided a comprehensive knowledge of this complication for the awareness of officials, managers and even researchers in the field of human resource management. Finally, practical suggestions were provided to the managers of the National Gas Company of Kermanshah Province to avoid or manage this negative complication.در سالهای اخیر عارضههای سازمانی به دلیل اثرات منفی که بر منابع انسانی و سازمانها گذاشتهاند بیشتر مورد توجه سازمانهای پیشرو قرار گرفتهاند. تا جایی که اجتناب از این عارضه منفی از مهمترین دغدغههای مدیران سازمانها شده است. اثرات عارضههای منفی بر سرمایههای انسانی که مأموریت اصلی سازمان بهواسطه آنها انجام میشود بسیار شدیدتر است. بر این اساس، هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی همهجانبه عارضه بیحسی سازمانی در سرمایههای انسانی مبتنی بر نظریه داده بنیاد است. روش پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش پژوهش اکتشافی با رویکرد داده بنیاد است. جامعه آماری،خبرگان حوزه سازمان و مدیریت در شرکت ملی گاز استان کرمانشاه بودند که به روش نمونهگیری گلوله برفی تعداد ۱3 مصاحبه تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری دادهها انجام شد. یافتهها حاکی از 367 کد باز، 77 کد محوری و 24 کد انتخابی بود که در الگویی شش متغیره شامل عوامل علی، زمینهای، مداخلهگر، پدیده محوری، راهبردها و پیامدهای عارضه بیحسی سازمانی سرمایههای انسانی در شرکت ملی گاز استان کرمانشاه ارائه شدهاند. نتایج شامل شناسایی مهمترین مؤلفههای ایجادکننده بیحسی سازمانی در سرمایههای انسانی از قبیل عدم شایستهسالاری و بیعدالتی در سازمان، اهمیت ندادن مدیر به رشد کارکنان و مسائل اقتصادی و شخصی بودند. علاوه براین، مهمترین تبعات این عارضه منفی از قبیل کاهش بهرهوری فردی و سازمانی، افزایش تخلف در سازمان، بیزاری و بیاهمیتی نسبت به کار و سازمان و نارضایتی فراگیر، شناسایی و راهکارهایی عملی جهت اجتناب و یا مدیریت این عارضه منفی به مدیران شرکت ملی گاز استان کرمانشاه ارائه گردید.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163800_df026689d7cc2db712afb99f964f6137.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Processing model for the implementation of a well-organized organizationمدل فرآیندیِ پیادهسازی سازمان آراسته12514015164010.22034/smsj.2022.151640FAرضانجاریدانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.بهرامدستاندانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.محمدجوادحضوریدانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.سید علی اکبراحمدیاستاد، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.Journal Article20211217<strong> Introduction:</strong> Implementing a grooming system can manage time, quality and capital by creating a regular, disciplined and clean work environment. Organizations have to consider and implement various factors in order to adopt a beautiful face. Given that organizational neatness has many benefits, public and private organizations have tried to use it, but insufficient attention to the philosophy of neatness and its compliance with organizational elements has caused neatness not to flow as it should in organizations and despite spend money and time, they did not succeed in this field. Most of the researches have introduced and explained Five S as a technique and tool and various organizations including the statistical community mentioned in this research have tried to implement it and benefit from it. However, implementing neatness in the organization requires identifying the components affecting this process and recognizing the relationships between them, and mere attention to the Five S technique cannot make organizations successful in achieving their goals in this area.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> In this research, we tried to close this research gap and introduce the components of the process implementation model of the organization with emphasis on the pillars of the organization and create a logical relationship between them to introduce this model of the organization as an emerging figure. A review of research shows that organizational tidiness is imitated only in the form of the Five S technique and organizations seek to implement and use the results without considering the organizational components that affect it. In this research, the researcher seeks to examine all aspects of the organization and design and explain a new model of the organization called the process model for the implementation of a well-organized organization.<br />The research method is a sequential exploratory mix (qualitative and quantitative). The components of this model of the organization were identified using qualitative tools including library studies, interviews and observations and were Classified by structural-interpretive modeling method and The research model was drawn. In the quantitative part, using the partial least squares technique and PLS software, the measurement model with convergent validity, composite reliability and discriminant validity and the structural model with coefficient of determination, Stone-Geisser and goodness of fit were examined. Based on the calculated values, the value (AVE) of all variables is greater than 0.5, so there is convergent validity. The value (CR) is also greater than (AVE) and in all cases is greater than the threshold of 0.7. Cronbach's alpha of all variables is greater than 0.7, so reliability is confirmed. Also, the square root (AVE) of each structure is greater than its correlation with other structures of the model, which indicates the acceptable discriminate validity for the model in the measurement section. The coefficient of determination of the endogenous structures obtained for the research model is reported to be positive and often above 19%, so the fit of the model is desirable. The Stone-Geisser criterion index determines the predictive power of the model. This index is a criterion for evaluating cross-validity in the partial least squares model. The blindfolding technique is used to calculate the value of Stone-Geisser criterion in Smart PLS software. Using this technique, two validity indices are obtained: redundancy cross validity and shared cross validity. For redundancy and common crossover validity, positive numbers indicate the appropriate quality of the model. These values are obtained for all positive research constructs. Also, the values of the variables are generally obtained in the range of 0.15 to 0.35 or greater than 0.35. Therefore, the predictive power of research structures is moderately to strongly estimate. Finally, the GOF index is 0.308, so the model has a good fit.
<strong>Results and Discussion:</strong> The results of this study show that organizations can through reinforcement the organizational infrastructure, support top management, improving the organizational structure, environmental management system, proper segregation and arrangement in the environment, the use of information and communication technology, standardization and cleanliness of the environment, organizational change management, continuous employee participation, human resource empowerment, and implementation of 5S system, implement the well-organized organization model and improve employee and organizational performance and provide customer satisfaction.<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong> It suggested that in order to achieve tangible and sustainable results in the implementation of organizational tidiness, the necessary changes should be made in the organization. These changes in the structural dimension include hierarchical control, communication of procedures, creation of working teams, delegation of authority, and explicit management support; In the goals dimension, including neatness and its components in the strategic priorities of the organization and having a neatness statement; In the staff dimension, including continuous participation, increasing the understanding of beauty, accountability and loyalty, consistency and responsibility, continuous training at all levels and the establishment of a culture of beauty; In the technology dimension, it includes continuous evaluations, application of information and communication technology and equipment defect management, and finally in the environment dimension, it includes standardization and establishment of environmental cleanliness, definition of safety standards, observance of environmental standards and customer satisfaction. پیادهسازی نظام آراستگی میتواند با ایجاد محیط کار منظم، منضبط و تمیز کوشش انسانی، زمان، کیفیت و سرمایه را مدیریت نماید. سازمانها برای اتخاذ چهره آراستگی باید عوامل مختلفی را مورد توجه قرار داده و اجرا نمایند. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی مولفهها و ارائه مدل فرآیندیِ پیادهسازی سازمان آراسته است. روش پژوهش، آمیخته اکتشافی متوالی (کیفی و کمی) است. مولفههای این مدل از سازمان با استفاده از ابزار کیفی شامل مطالعات کتابخانهای، مصاحبه و مشاهده شناسایی و با روش مدلسازی ساختاری – تفسیری سطحبندی شدند و بر اساس آن، مدل پژوهش ترسیم شد. در بخش کمی با استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی و نرم افزار پی ال اس مدل اندازهگیری با شاخصهای روایی همگرا، پایایی ترکیبی و روایی واگرا و مدل ساختاری با شاخصهای ضریب تعیین، استون-گیزر و نیکویی برازش تایید شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد سازمانها میتوانند از طریق تقویت زیرساخت سازمانی، حمایت و پشتیبانی مدیریت عالی، ارتقاء ساختار سازمانی، سیستم مدیریت محیطی، تفکیک و چیدمان صحیح در محیط، بهکارگیری فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، استانداردسازی و استقرار پاکیزگی محیط، مدیریت تغییرات سازمانی، مشارکت مستمر کارکنان، توانمندسازی نیروی انسانی و پیادهسازی نظام فایو اس مدل سازمان آراسته را پیادهسازی کنند و موجب بهبود عملکرد کارکنان و سازمان و رضایت مشتریان شوند.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_151640_936e1aea887cc686bd716b6cf8c98d7a.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222The trend of digital transformation and strategy of the country's insurance industryبررسی روند تحول و راهبرد دیجیتال صنعت بیمه کشور15814116380210.22034/smsj.2022.163802FAمحسننظریدانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی ،دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران ،تهران ،ایران0000-0003-2861-2052ابوعلیودادهیرگروه انسان شناسی ، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و رفتاری ، دانشگاه تهران ، تهران ، ایران0000-0001-8620-1396حمیدرضاعزتیگروه مدیریت بازرگانی، پردیس بین المللی جزیره کیش، جزیره کیش، ایراناحمدترکمنمدیریت بازرگانی، پردیس فارابی، قم، ایرانJournal Article20211015<strong> Introduction:</strong> In order to study the evolution of the country's insurance industry, this article has gathered data from emerging companies Bimetis, Bimebazar, Bimito, Azki and Bimeh.com. This research, which aims to increase productivity due to the digital transformation of the country's insurance industry, seeks to answer the following questions:<br /><br />What is the digital transformation trend in the insurance industry?<br />What strategies are proposed to increase the success rate of insurance startups?<br /><br />This research is important because all industries will be transformed with Digital Trends. These developments are such that the insurance industry will be radically transformed with technologies such as blockchain, big data mining, the Internet of Things, and so on. In the country's insurance industry, start-ups have been launched with mobile technology, but despite other industries, the start-ups of the insurance industry have not been able to develop this industry. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the failure of the digital transformation of this industry in Iran.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> This research is descriptive in terms of applied purpose and is qualitative in terms of the type of input data. Due to the in-depth study of the mentioned cases, the comparative case study method has been used. In this study, in-depth interviews and participatory observation and review of documents were used to collect data, and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Purposeful sampling and library and fieldwork have been used to collect initial data. In the library research, in addition to sources based on books and scientific articles, Internet resources have also been used. In the fielwork, specialized interviews, observation and participation in the implementation process have been used to collect information. A total of face-to-face interviews were conducted for start-up companies Bemtis and Bimebazar, and for other start-ups, online interviews at Elecamp events and online resources were analyzed as complementary data.<br />In face-to-face interviews, interview questions are designed in five dimensions: cause of occurrence, contexts, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences based on a comprehensive or systematic approach. The interviews were then conducted and then coded by MaxQuMedi12 software using theme analysis method. Line-by-line method has been used in coding conceptualizing themes. In conceptualization, words that reflect a common meaning are put together and labeled a basic concept.<br />Then the second stage of coding the theme is done and the relationship between the concepts and categories is formed. Then a classification is made in one of the categories of cause, phenomenon, context, intervening, solution and consequence. After categorizing the previous interview, concepts that have not been constructed will be considered, and in subsequent interviews, the focus of the interview will be more on that part. In the case of Bimebazar, in addition to face-to-face interviews, information from Internet sources has also been used. In the case of Bemtis, the researcher had a participatory observation and the information was collected observationally and participatory.
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>:</strong> After conducting each interview, from each case studied, a model was extracted in the six dimensions mentioned. These models were compared with each other and finally a comprehensive model was presented. In terms of the reasons for the formation of the insurance market backward gap, the gap in justice in the payment of premiums, technological pressure, ideation, the founding team, the initial capital.<br />In terms of economic factors such as economic instability and inflation, arrival time, global trends in insurance industry development, society's tendency to technology, weak sovereignty in the insurance industry, barriers to entry against foreign competitors, traditional market resistance, regulatory support, technology for Insurance, the existence of legal barriers to data access, include major technical problems of data integration.<br />In the dimension of intervening factors as the most important sectors that have hindered the transformation of the insurance industry, the cases of insurance culture, lack of contractual view to insurance, communication-oriented pricing, mandatory pricing of third party insurance, significant price difference in optional insurance, calculated on Algorithm basis, lack of creativity in the insurance industry, repeatability rate, paper insurance logistics, lack of awareness, recruitment of experts, low added value in online shopping, product market adequacy, slowness of government systems and service providers, entry of major competitors from industries Another is the exit of investors from the innovation ecosystem, the lack of motivation of employees, competition with the traditional market, the personal nature of insurance demand.<br />In terms of strategies used by start-ups, factors such as performance appraisal and incentive system, prioritization of partner representatives, effective marketing and receiving feedback, insufficient telephone consulting, agility, intelligence of start-ups, selling risk-based insurance, establishing OK system R, Sensitive event logging system, product development, partner agent prioritization, effective marketing and feedback received.<br />In terms of implications, two initial deployments of the business model, customer selection as a measure of survival, have been explored.<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong> Finally, a theorized model of insurance start-ups is presented and suggestions are made to help this evolutionary process. Creating the necessary infrastructure by the Insurance Industry Regulatory Authority to facilitate the field of start-ups in the digital transition phase can provide a clear path for market participants by designing an industry transformation strategy and drawing a map of the digital transformation of the insurance industry.<br />The results of this study show that the necessary conditions for the transformation of the country's insurance industry are not fully prepared and start-up companies are facing very serious challenges to achieve digital transformation in this industry. Creating the right technical infrastructure and agreeing on a macro-digital strategy in the insurance industry is one of the most important proposals. Considering the conflicts of interests of the actors in this industry can facilitate this process by creating a value-added sharing model resulting from the establishment of digital developments. It seems that the complete elimination of physical insurance can separate the behavior of insurance service from commodity behavior, and this is seen as a suggestion.این مقاله به منظور بررسی روند تحول صنعت بیمه کشور به جمعآوری داده از شرکتهای نوپای نوظهور بیمتیس، بیمه بازار، بیمیتو، ازکی و بیمه دات کام پرداخته است. با هدف بررسی عمیق از موردهای مذکور، از روش موردپژوهی تطبیقی استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش با دو سوال چگونگی روند تحول دیجیتال در صنعت بیمه و شناخت راهبردهایی برای بالا بردن نرخ موفقیت استارتآپهای بیمهای به جمعآوری دادهها از مصاحبههای عمیق و مشاهده مشارکتی واز اسناد پرداخته امّا تحلیل دادهها از روش تحلیل مضمون است. نمونهگیری به صورت هدفمند بوده و از منابع کتابخانه و میدانی برای گردآوری دادههای اولیه استفاده شده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که بسترهای لازم برای تحول صنعت بیمه کشور به صورت کامل آماده نشده است و شرکتهای نوپا با چالشهای بسیار جدی روبرو هستند. در نهایت مدل نظریهسازی شده شرکتهای نوپای بیمهای ارائه شده و پیشنهادهایی برای کمک به این روند تحولی بیان شده است. ایجاد زیرساختهای لازم توسط نهاد نظارتی صنعت بیمه برای تسهیل زمینهای شرکتهای نوپا در مرحله گذار دیجیتال میتواند با طراحی استراتژی تحول صنعت و ترسیم نقشه تحول دیجیتال صنعت بیمه، راهی روشن را پیش روی فعالان بازار قرار دهد.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163802_f75350f8da1e1e7b6b89f23d9737e445.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Modeling Brand Heritage and Nostalgic Experience on the Love and Brand Preference Sport Productsالگوی میراث برند و تجربه خاطره انگیز بر عشق و ترجیح برند محصولات ورزشی17215916380310.22034/smsj.2022.163803FAسحرپیرجمادیدکتری تخصصی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران0000-0002-2541-036xاحمدمحمودیاستادیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران0000-0001-7579-2274علیهمتی عفیفاستادیار، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایرانمنوچهردژآهنگاستادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان، قزوین، ایرانJournal Article20211019<strong> Introduction</strong>: Today, the sport industry is of great economic importance with the growing tendency of people to play sport and the need to consume sport goods and services (Kokolakakis & Gratton, 2019: 51). The quality and quantity of this industry in different countries depends on the scope of production of sport products in that country (Yang et al, 2021: 1). In this regard, brand heritage, nostalgic experience and brand love are key marketing concepts that can play a major role in branding and strengthening the brand. Brand preference is widely used to evaluate the effects of brand equity and indicates a desire to choose and buy a brand (Patil, 2017: 14). Utilizing the potential and hidden value of a brand heritage can be a way to link the past and the present and secure the future (Zhe, Zhu, & Huan., 2020: 179). Nostalgia is also used in marketing; In this way, marketers encourage consumers to travel to the past to buy goods (Kordnaeij, Nejat & shahi., 2019: 41). Therefore, brand preference can be introduced as one of the main explanations of customers' intention to buy. In view of the above, it is necessary in the new era to improve and develop sport marketing with a new look at the role of various factors in this study, the effect of three variables of brand heritage, nostalgic experience and love for sport brand on brand preference and preference has been investigated. Now the question is whether there is a relationship between brand heritage and nostalgic experience with brand preference with the mediating role of brand love .Chen and Zhang (2019) have defined brand preference to the extent that the customer considers the services provided by the current company to be superior to the services provided by other companies<strong> </strong>(Chen & Zhong, 2019: 1). Akir (1996) first defined brand heritage as part of brand equity (Dion & Mazzalovo, 2016: 5894). Nostalgia is also a recurring experience in all cultures among young and old and a bittersweet experience that includes both feelings of sadness and longing for the past )Sedikides & Wildschut, 2018: 48). Brand love is also defined as the degree of a passionate emotional attachment that a customer is satisfied with a particular brand (Hajibabaei & Esmailpur, 2019: 1). In this regard, Cho and Chiu (2020) in their research concluded that the nostalgia of sport products was a significant and positive relationship with interest, brand equity and brand preference (Cho & Chiu, 2020: 315). In a recent study, Song and Kim (2021) showed that brand heritage directly and indirectly significantly influences customers' intention to buy and choose a brand through brand originality and nostalgic experiences (Song & Kim, 2021: 1). Liebl (2021) also examined the love of the sport brand in the Covid 19 crisis and concluded that brand love leads to a desire to pay more, spread more positive word of mouth and increase loyalty to the sport brand (Liebl, 2021: 65). In internal studies, eshfagh, khodadad hosseini & Mansouri Moayyed concluded that nostalgia variables have a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction (Eshfagh, Khodadad Hosseini & Mansouri Moayyed., 2019: 15). Background analysis shows that despite the importance of concepts such as brand preference, brand love, brand heritage and nostalgic experience in the field of branding, so far in the field of research of the country's sport industry, no study has been done on these variables. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The study was an applied research and was a correlational research based on structural equation modeling which has been conducted in the field. The population included all customers of sports stores in Tehran. 354 of them selected as a sample by a random-cluster method<strong>. </strong> 4 questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha for all four questionnaires above 0.7. Descriptive statistics were used for data classification and statistical deduction. Pearson tests were used in SPSS software and modeling structures in AMOS software.
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>:</strong> Based on the research findings, it is observed that brand heritage has a significant positive effect on love the brand of sport goods (Sig = 0.001, t = 6.454) with an impact factor (β = 0.596). Nostalgic experience has a significant positive effect on love the brand of sport goods (Sig = 0.001, t = 3.170) and the coefficient value (β = 0.310) was obtained. Brand heritage has a significant positive effect on love the brand of sport goods (Sig = 0.001, t = 6.341) with impact factor (β = 0.620). Nostalgic experience has a significant positive effect on brand product preference (Sig = 0.001, t = 3.696) with an impact factor (β = 0.431). Finally, brand love has a significant positive effect on the brand preference of sport goods (Sig = 0.001, t = 4.323) with an impact factor (β = 0.503).<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results of Pearson correlation test, it was observed that there is a significant positive relationship between brand heritage and nostalgic experience and brand love. Sport stores are recommended to do comprehensive research on creating the ideal physical space, music, friendly public relations, Internet and virtual, coloring and lighting, use of appropriate words, and…. In examining the relationship between brand heritage and brand preference, Pearson correlation results also showed that there is a significant positive relationship between these two variables. In addition, based on the research findings, it was observed that nostalgic experience and brand love has a significant positive effect on brand product preference. Considering the effect of brand love on brand preference, it is suggested that store managers take measures such as creating an intimate atmosphere in the store and treating the customer politely, arousing feelings and heart desires in various ways, creating a sense of belonging and brand affiliation. , Positive evaluation and… to increase customer interest.یکی از راههای حفظ سهم بالا در محیط متلاطم امروز تأکید بر مؤلفههای تاریخی و خاطره انگیز برند است. برندهای ورزشی با تصویرهایی دارای مؤلفههایی همچون میراث و اعتبار در حال کسب محبوبیتاند. از اینرو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر مدلسازی میراث برند و تجربه خاطره انگیز برعشق و ترجیح برند محصولات ورزشی بود. سؤال اینجاست که آیا بین میراث برند و تجربه خاطره انگیز با ترجیح برند با نقش میانجی عشق به برند محصولات ورزشی ارتباط وجود دارد؟ جامعه آماری مشتریان فروشگاههای ورزشی شهر تهران بودند که 354 نفر بهروش نمونهگیری تصادفی خوشهای انتخاب شدند. بهمنظور جمعآوری دادهها از 4 پرسشنامه استاندارد استفاده شد. متخصصان روایی پرسشنامهها را تأیید و پایایی آنها با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ بالای 7/0 بهدست آمد. در تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از توصیف آماری و آمار استنباطی مانند همبستگی پیرسون و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که میراث برند و تجربه خاطرهانگیز بر عشق به برند و ترجیح برند محصولات ورزشی تأثیر مثبت معناداری داشتند. همچنین عشق به برند در ارتباط بین میراث برند، تجربه خاطرهانگیز و ترجیح برند محصولات ورزشی نقش میانجی دارد. نتایج این پژوهش بر لزوم توجه مدیران به شاخصهایی از قبیل سابقه برند ورزشی، ارزشهای عاطفی، کارکردی، اجتماعی، تجارب خوش گذشته، دلبستگی به برند، توجه به احساسات مشتریان ورزشی در جهت دستیابی به بازاریابی نوین در صنعت ورزش تأکید دارد<em>.</em>https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163803_2ded2132aff7bccbab646518902942ac.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222The effect of integrative strategic alignment on performance with organizational alignmentتاثیر همسویی راهبردی یکپارچهگرایی بر عملکرد با همسویی سازمانی17319116379910.22034/smsj.2022.163799FAسید مرتضیغیور باغبانیگروه مدیریت، دانشکده حسابداری و مدیریت، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (ع)صوفیاغلامیگروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (ع)Journal Article20210907<strong> Introduction</strong>: Today, the issue of alignment has found a special place in the strategic management literature that can be assessed in general and in the form of organized dimensions, and based on it, organizational performance can be improved. Alignment is a set of core principles that influence marketing activities and strategy formulation. One of the mental conflicts of organizations is alignment of organizational components. The coordination between the elements is necessary for implementing strategies. In this regard, creating product-oriented strategic alignment, quality-oriented strategic alignment and market-oriented strategic alignment, which are dimensions of alignment, play a significant role. In competitive world, companies use different trends such as market orientation, learning orientation, TQM, innovation, technology orientation, employee orientation and other trends to increase their performance. Explaining the relative importance of different dimensions of alignment and its impact on performance in all organizations is needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect three dimensions of alignment on performance with the mediating role of organizational alignment in companies located in Mashhad industrial town.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: This research is a survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection, it is also causal in terms of nature and method and quantitative in terms of data nature. The statistical population included 820 companies located in Mashhad industrial town, which were selected as a sample using 260 companies using the non-random method available using Morgan table. The statistical population of the present study includes one of the senior managers of companies operating in Mashhad industrial town that only one person from each company has been selected to answer the questionnaire. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The research questionnaire consisted of 31 questions in 5 variables. Content validity of items was confirmed by factor analysis, convergent validity and divergent validity in order to Validity check was used. The reliability of the instrument has also been verified through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Structural equation method using PLS software was used to analyze the data.
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong>: The results of convergent validity for all research variables except the overall alignment were above 0.5, which does not pose a problem in measuring the variables due to the fact that the combined reliability is at the desired level. Other factors related to the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed. Model fit indices were also at the desired level. The results indicate that product-oriented strategic alignment, market-oriented strategic alignment and quality-oriented strategic alignment have a positive effect on the performance and overall alignment of the organization, as well as three dimensions through the overall alignment has a positive effect on performance and the effect of overall alignment on performance was confirmed. The mediating role of the overall alignment variable of the organization in relation to the dimensions of alignment and performance was also confirmed.<br /><strong> Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study are used to understand the multidimensional nature of the overall strategic alignment of the organization. If the managers of companies located in Mashhad Industrial City can differentiate in the production of their products, upgrade their systems and act differently in introducing their product, introduce new products before competitors and diversify their products. They can then expect resources to be geared towards a unique strategic goal of the company, have service upgrades, service quality improve, plan and how responsibilities are shared, improve quality, and facilitate how Provide services, create new skills and training, access information, trust systems, increase the speed and number of computers and machines, upgrade IT, design basic processes, speed up service delivery, and Be accountable, leads to alignment. Considering the effect of alignment dimensions which include product-oriented strategic alignment, market-oriented strategic alignment and quality-oriented strategic alignment on the overall alignment of the organization, it can be suggested to companies located in Mashhad industrial town to increase their intra-organizational alignment. Which is one of the daily concerns of managers can make a difference in the production of their products, upgrade their systems and differentiate in the introduction of their product, introduce new products before competitors and create variety in their products They are also constantly improving the quality of their product or service, upgrading their systems to improve quality and differentiating in the provision of quality service, as well as differentiating the pricing of their products, managing their costs Identify new markets and differentiate their product marketing to achieve overall alignment within the organization.یکی از درگیریهای ذهنی سازمانهای امروزی همسویی اجزاء سازمان به منظور اجرای موفقیت آمیز راهبردها است. در این راستا ایجاد همسویی راهبردی یکپارچهگرای: محصول، کیفیت و بازار نقش پررنگی ایفا میکنند. هدف پژوهش بررسی تاثیر ابعاد سهگانه همسویی بر عملکرد با نقش همسویی سازمانی در شرکتهای واقع در شهرک صنعتی مشهد است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی بوده که از نظر گردآوری دادهها، پیمایشی، از نظر روش، علّی و از نظر ماهیت دادهها، کمّی است. جامعهی آماری، شرکتهای واقع در شهرک صنعتی مشهد به تعداد 820 شرکت است که با استفاده از جدول مورگان نمونهی 260 شرکت با روش در دسترس تعیین شدند. در این پژوهش برای جمع آوری دادهها از پرسشنامهی استاندارد استفاده شد که روایی محتوایی در قسمت تدوین گویهها را اساتید مورد تأیید قرار دادند. در بُعد کمّی از تحلیل عاملی، روایی همگرا و روایی واگرا به منظور بررسی روایی استفاده گردید و پایایی ابزار نیز از طریق آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی مرکب تأیید واقع شد. برای بررسی و تحلیل دادهها از روش معادلات ساختاری و نرمافزار پی ال اس استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که همسویی راهبردی محصولگرا، همسویی راهبردی بازارگرا و همسویی راهبردی کیفیتگرا تاثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد و همسویی سازمانی دارد و همچنین ابعاد سه گانه مذکور از طریق همسویی کلی سازمان تاثیر مثبتی بر عمکرد دارد و در نهایت تاثیر همسویی سازمانی بر عملکرد مورد تایید قرار گرفت.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163799_614af9cff4020353d76ffdb4f5aec3e4.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Identifying the network capabilities of large and small companies in the process of formation and development of innovation networksشناسایی قابلیتهای شبکهای شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک در فرایند شکلگیری و توسعه شبکههای نوآوری19321416380110.22034/smsj.2022.163801FAعاطیهصفردوستدانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایرانسید سروشقاضی نوریدانشیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایرانمنوچهرمنطقیاستاد، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایرانمحمدنقی زادهدانشیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایرانجهانیاربامداد صوفیدانشیار، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20210907<strong> Introduction</strong>: One of the most important fields of biotechnology is the pharmaceutical industry, which is of special importance due to its intertwining with public health. Biomedicines, in the production of which biotechnology has been used. They are known as targeted drugs to treat patients in difficult medical conditions. Networks, as a special type of communication, connect a set of people, objects or events and are a very good model for corporate communication. Innovation networks include government, research and industrial institutions working together for a common innovation goal. Companies need networking capabilities to make the most of the networking platform and benefit from external resources, capabilities, and knowledge streams. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of network capabilities of large and small firms in the biopharmaceutical networks of the country<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: The present study is an applied-descriptive research. The research method used in this research is a combination and research strategy of thematic analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, first, the literature and theoretical foundations and some existing documents in the field of biopharmaceutical companies were reviewed, and in the second step, in order to complete the data, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 experts in government, academia and industry. Sampling in this section has been judgmental and purposeful. Regarding sample size, sampling continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Accordingly, after the fifteenth interview, no new data and information were identified by the researchers, and in fact, the coding process took place until the realization of theoretical adequacy. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and without directing the interviewee in person. Given that the statistical population of the research in the second phase, biopharmaceutical companies are active in innovation networks, the number of companies is equal to 70 companies and the sample size was determined based on Morgan table equal to 58 companies. 60 questionnaires were distributed among bio-pharmaceutical companies and finally 32 questionnaires that could be analyzed were received.
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong><strong>: </strong>In this research, observing the ethical principles of qualitative research, the text of the interviews was transcribed and by carefully studying these texts, open coding was done sentence by sentence. The concepts and codes extracted, considering the duplicate codes, are 37 items, which were reduced to 9 sub-themes in the first step and four sub-themes in the second step by categorizing similar and well-understood items, and finally, According to the research findings, network capabilities can be divided into two categories: general capabilities of active presence in the network and networking or network management capabilities. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that "active presence in the network" is more related to the network capabilities of companies than "network management" in terms of factor load. Also, other findings obtained from factor analysis show that among all the dimensions related to the network capabilities of companies, extra-organizational capabilities have the highest priority. Findings also show that small firms have more general capabilities of active presence in the network and network management capability is related to larger firms, which are often known as hub.<br /><strong> Conclusion</strong>: In general, the role of large and central companies (hubs) is very important in networks, both during and after their formation. In fact, the networks studied in the country show that in the field of biopharmaceuticals, networks have been formed around these companies and have continued their activities and even expanded their activities, and considering the recent significant developments. In this area, the findings of this study can be a good model for other technological areas and provide useful lessons for companies. For future research, it is suggested that the role of corporate network capabilities, including general capabilities and managerial and orchestral capabilities in the development of corporate performance and outputs in innovation networks in other areas. To be examined technologically. Another suggestion of the research is to investigate the role of effective variables in the development of corporate network capabilities in networks and according to the theories of relationship between industry and academia, followed by the three-helix theory of the role of regulatory institutions. And the facilitator should be considered in the networks. It is also suggested that the challenges of corporate cooperation in innovation networks and how the role of network capabilities in solving them be examined.هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی انواع قابلیتهای شبکهای شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک در شبکههای حوزه زیست دارویی کشور میباشد. بنابراین، در ابتدا با بررسی مبانی نظری و مصاحبه با تعدادی از متخصصان حوزه شبکههای زیست دارویی در بخش دولتی، صنعتی و دانشگاهی و با روش تحلیل تم نسبت به شناسایی انواع قابلیتهای شبکهای شرکتها اقدام گردید. در بخش دوم با رویکرد کمّی و با روش تحلیل عاملی تاییدی با استفاده از نرم افزار Smart-Pls و از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه بین مدیران ارشد شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک زیست دارویی، ابعاد شناسایی شده مورد تایید نهایی قرار گرفت. با توجه به یافتهها، قابلیت حضور فعال در شبکه و قابلیت مدیریت شبکه، به عنوان دو تم اصلی قابلیتهای شبکهای شناسایی شد. قابلیتهای درون سازمانی و برون سازمانی با کارکرد تمهای فرعی قابلیت حضور فعال در شبکه و قابلیتهای شبکهسازی و ارکستری به عنوان تمهای فرعی قابلیت مدیریت شبکه شناسایی گردید. همچنین یافتهها نشان میدهد که شرکتهای کوچک بیشتر دارای قابلیتهای عمومی حضور فعال در شبکه هستند و قابلیت مدیریت شبکه، مربوط به شرکتهای بزرگتر میباشد که این شرکتها اغلب با عنوان هاب شناخته میشوند. در نهایت، شرکتهای کوچک و بزرگ زیست دارویی، بر اساس نقشی که در شبکهها دارند باید به دو دسته قابلیت عمومی و قابلیت مدیریت شبکه برای کسب موفقیت در شبکهها توجه نمایند.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163801_4593bb7124478ae932438650bc7c7586.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Presenting a model of control strategies based on a two-dimensional outcome modelارائه مدل استراتژیهای کنترل براساس الگوی نتیجهای دو بعدی21523516379610.22034/smsj.2022.163796FAلیلاقدرت ابادیدکتری، پردیس بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانمحمد علیشاه حسینیدانشیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانسیدمحمداعرابیاستاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20210528<strong> Introduction:</strong> Control at the strategic level involves the control of all elements of the organization at the subjective and conceptual level; Strategic control is obtained from two process and result models, in-process strategic control focus is on the accuracy and integrity of strategic management processes. In result, strategic control focus is on strategic reference points of the species. The purpose of this paper is to present a two-dimensional model of control strategies to maintain organizational dynamics.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> To achieve this goal, 130 articles were extracted from the Systematic Review method and 60 articles were selected based on specific criteria by searching valid databases. Then, using the content inference method, the research areas of control including strategic control, control levers, and control management systems were identified, and then a map of concepts and topics related to each field was drawn.
<strong>Results and Discussion</strong>: Identifying control strategies using strategic reference points that are in consistent with other elements because alignment is both a measure of accuracy and synergistic. The strategic reference points here are the amount of concentration and attention determined and along with 16 sub-categories and 47 sub-codes (factors) including the main findings of this study.<br /><strong> Conclusion:</strong> Based on the result modeling, we choose one of the priority strategies and engage in horizontal and vertical coordination, for the typology of control strategies, we consider each strategic reference point (concentration and attention) as a spectrum to achieve a two-in-two matrix and then control strategies are embedded in these cells. Using this typology, the four strategies obtained are key performance strategies, profitability strategies, transformation strategies, and communication strategies that align with Lorange's strategic control and Simon’s levers of control.کنترل در سطح استراتژیک، کنترل تمامی عناصر سازمان در سطح ذهنی و مفهومی است. کنترل استراتژیک از دو الگوی فرایندی و نتیجهای به دست میآید، در کنترل استراتژیک فرایندی توجه و تمرکز به صحت و درستی فرایند مدیریت استراتژیک است و در کنترل استراتژیک نتیجهای با استفاده از نقاط مرجع استراتژیک گونهها به دست میآیند. از این رو هدف این پژوهش ارائه الگوی نتیجهای دو بعدی استراتژیهای کنترل برای حفظ پویایی سازمان میباشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، از روش مرور نظاممند استفاده شد. ابتدا با جست و جو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی معتبر، تعداد 130 مقاله استخراج و از میان آنها 60 مقاله بر اساس معیارهای مشخص انتخاب گردید. سپس با استفاده از روش استنتاج مضمون، زمینههای تحقیقاتی کنترل شامل کنترل استراتژیک، اهرمهای کنترل و سیستمهای مدیریت کنترل شناسایی و پس از آن نگاشتی از مفاهیم و موضوعات مرتبط با هر زمینه ترسیم گردید. شناسایی استراتژیهای کنترل با استفاده از نقاط مرجع استراتژیک که با سایر عناصر هماهنگ بوده زیرا هماهنگی هم معیار صحت است و هم باعث همافزایی میگردد. نقاط مرجع استراتژیک در این جا میزان تمرکز و کانون توجه تعیین شده و همراه با 16 زیرمقوله و 47 کد (عامل) زیر مجموعه، از جمله یافتههای اصلی این تحقیق هستند. بر مبنای الگوسازی نتیجهای، از میان استراتژیهای اولویتدار یکی را انتخاب نموده و به هماهنگی افقی و عمودی مبادرت میورزیم، برای گونهشناسی استراتژیهای کنترل، هر یک از نقاط مرجع استراتژیک (میزان تمرکز و کانون توجه) را به صورت یک طیف در نظر میگیریم تا یک ماتریس دو در دو حاصل شود و سپس استراتژیهای کنترل در این خانهها جای داده میشود. با استفاده از این گونهشناسی چهار استراتژی1) استراتژیهای کلیدی عملکرد، 2) استراتژیهای سودآوری، 3) استراتژیهای تحول و 4) استراتژیهای ارتباطی که هماهنگ با الگوی نتیجهای کنترل استراتژیک لورنژ و الگوی اهرمهای کنترل استراتژی سایمونز حاصل شده است.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163796_a9fcb43683fd26823b3280db816335fe.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Strategies and phenomena of providing organic services in the Iranian tourism industryراهبردها و پدیدههای ارائه خدمات ارگانیک در صنعت گردشگری ایران23725413021810.22034/smsj.2022.130218FAحمیدرضادهقانیدانشجوی دکترا، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.صمدعالیگروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران0000-0003-3890-2192علیرضابافنده زندهگروه مدیریت، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایرانJournal Article20210315<strong>Introduction:</strong>The purpose of this research is the discoveries and strategies of tourism services. This research is of an applied type in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of method according to the research questions. Since the provision of organic services in tourism is a new topic, to discover its causes and consequences, the qualitative research method "Foundation Data Theory" with the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) has been used.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: The qualitative research method is an exploratory type of research in terms of the nature of the present researcher. Such services are free from the use of technology and their disadvantages. which include electromagnetic, mobile and environmental pollutants. To use the results of a better solution for the development of the tourism industry. The statistical research community of experts and experts who have scientific and practical knowledge in rural ecotourism and nature tourism services. The data collection tool was an interview, which was conducted in structured internal interviews. The sampling method is snowball. which reached the saturation limit with a total of 13 people. In the foundational data method, a three-step code process is used to analyze qualitative data. The first step is coding. In this part, with the detailed analysis of information and interview data, naming and classification of data is done and labeled. From open code, one gets a detailed understanding of concepts and, as a result, categories. When classifying in each category, the concepts should be conceptualized one by one after separating the labels and raw data through a detailed examination of the text of the interviews. Then, through central coding, the categories are linked to links. In the end, after the relationship between the categories is determined through open coding and focal coding, a sub-category and the relationship between them are determined through the coding of the main categories, so that finally the research theory model is selected. The results obtained from the research show that the strategies on organic in the tourism industry are six categories, which are found out of a total of 116 concepts, and the phenomena that are the basis of these services are found out of 61 concepts, which include four categories.
<strong>Results and Discussion:</strong>As a result of the coding’s, four main factors of the phenomenon were identified, which include: covering manners and lifestyles, celebrations and cultural rituals, showing and teaching culture and art, holding events and recreational cultural sports activities. The identification of these phenomena has generally been in line with some previous researches and ecotourism centers, but until now, the title of organic tourism and the classification of such services in a comprehensive title and definition (organic services) had not been done with this research to explain this phenomenon. was paid. The identified drivers were classified and explained in six categories, which include: personalization of local services, hospitality instead of hospitality, targeted advertising, mention by famous authorities, word-of-mouth advertising, quality in cleanliness and hygiene. By knowing the strategies identified in this research and explaining them by officials at different levels as well as those involved and active in the field of tourism, they can provide the best conditions for growth and prosperity for this dynamic industry. The industry has been scientifically and practically, they have had a successful presence at the national and global level. Although these guidelines have been used in the literature and research of other centers in the world, but the strategies obtained in this research are specifically obtained from the experiences of experts and the available information from tourism in the Iranian market and have a specific reflection from domestic and foreign tourists who They have used Iran's eco-tourism services. Also, the approach of providing organic services explains the difference with other services and this itself can provide a basis for creating and expanding and identifying as well as possible at the national and international level. So by using and understanding these strategies and making better use of the phenomena identified at the micro and macro level and introducing them to the practitioners of this field, let us witness the increasing development of this industry at the national and international macro level, and one of the benefits and consequences of this industry. To make optimal use and increase our share of this global market and reduce dependence on the oil industry and have a greater share of the sustainable economy.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: By using the phenomena identified from the research, organic tourism services can be developed in the places where these phenomena are more, and by expanding the phenomena and creating creativity in applying them in the direction of tourism development, they can be used. Also, the identified guidelines He sought to improve and expand organic tourism services and developed tourism as best as possible by focusing on these strategies by those involved and in charge.هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی پدیدهها و راهبردهای خدمات گردشگری هستند. اینگونه خدمات عاری از استفاده بیش از حد فناوری و مضرات آنها هستند. که شامل امواج الکترومغناطیسی، موبایل وآلایندههای محیطی هستند. تا با استفاده از نتایج بتواند راهگشای بهتری برای توسعه صنعت گردشگری باشند. جامعه آماری پژوهش خبرگان و صاحبنظرانی که در خدمات بومگردی و طبیعتگردی روستایی بصورت علمی و عملی اطلاعات دارند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها مصاحبه بود که بصورت مصاحبههای عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته صورت پذیرفته است. روش نمونهگیری، گلوله برفی هستند. که با مجموع13 نفر به حد اشباع رسید. تجزیه و تحلیل با رویکرد کیفی در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری انتخابی صورت گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که راهبردهای مؤثر بر خدمات ارگانیک در صنعت گردشگری شش مقوله هست که از مجموع 116 مفهوم بدست آمده و پدیدههایی که زمینهساز این خدمات هستند از 61 مفهوم بدست آمده که شامل چهار مقوله هستند. نتایج و دستاوردهای این پژوهش میتواند در راهبردها و تقویت پدیدههای صنعت گردشگری و توسعه این صنعت برای کلیه ذینفعان و سیاستگذاران مفید باشد.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_130218_bd820f519522b47528d4aa5b9826828d.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Designing a model of international marketing strategy and export performance in small and medium-sized companiesطراحی مدل استراتژی بازاریابی بینالمللی و عملکرد صادراتی در شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط25528516380510.22034/smsj.2022.163805FAمحمدبادکوبه ایدانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانمحمد رحیماسفیدانیاستادیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20211229<strong>Introduction:</strong> Today, saffron exporting countries in the world are trying to gain a good position in the global market. Iran is one of the largest producers of saffron in the world, which unfortunately, unlike the production field, has not achieved its true position in the field of exports.<br />we seek to propose an export performance model based on international marketing strategy in SME that export saffron.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong> First, we reviewed the existing models in the field of export performance with background research, and then, by extracting the variables, we presented a proposed model. Then we extracted the hypotheses of the questionnaire. In the next step, we used the non-probability snowball sampling method to collect statistical samples. Finally, 107 company managers answered the questionnaire. Then the data analysis process was performed with Smart-PLS software.<br /> <strong>Results and Discussion: </strong>Company size variables and managerial determinants only mediate the relationship between international marketing strategy and export performance satisfaction, and environmental determinants mediate the effect of standardization / adaptability in the international marketing mix on export performance satisfaction and objective export performance.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that standardization / adaptability in the international marketing mix has a significant effect on the objective performance of exports and satisfaction with export performance. Also, technology intensity variables and organizational determinants do not play a mediating role in the relationship between international marketing strategy and export performance. Also, at the end, the proposed model is presented using the results of fitting the general model.امروزه کشورهای صادرکننده زعفران در جهان در تلاش هستند با شیوههای نوین بازاریابی سهم خود را از عرضه جهانی این محصول افزایش دهند و جایگاه مناسبی را در بازار جهانی به دست آورند. ایران از بزرگترین تولیدکنندگان زعفران در جهان است که بر خلاف عرصه تولید در زمینه صادرات جایگاه واقعی خود را بهدست نیاورده است. هدف این مقاله پیشنهاد مدل عملکرد صادراتی بر اساس استراتژی بازاریابی بینالمللی در شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط صادرکننده زعفران است. در ابتدا با پیشینهپژوهی، مدلهای موجود در حوزه عملکرد صادراتی را بررسی کرده و سپس با استخراج متغیرها، یک مدل پیشنهادی را ارائه دادیم. سپس فرضیات پرسشنامه را استخراج کردیم. در مرحله بعدی از روش نمونهگیری غیراحتمالی گلوله برفی برای جمعآوری نمونههای آماری استفاده کردیم. در نهایت 107 نفر از مدیران شرکتها به پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. سپس با نرمافزار Smart-PLS فرآیند تحلیل دادهها انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد استانداردسازی/ تطبیقپذیری در آمیخته بازاریابی بینالمللی، تاثیر معناداری بر عملکرد عینی صادرات و رضایت از عملکرد صادرات دارد. همچنین متغیرهای شدت فناوری و عوامل تعیینکننده سازمانی نقش میانجی در رابطه استراتژی بازاریابی بینالمللی و عملکرد صادراتی ندارند. متغیرهای اندازه شرکت و عوامل تعیینکننده مدیریتی فقط نقش میانجی بر رابطه استراتژی بازاریابی بینالمللی و رضایت از عملکرد صادرات دارند و عوامل تعیینکننده محیطی در تاثیر استانداردسازی/ تطبیقپذیری در آمیخته بازاریابی بینالمللی بر رضایت از عملکرد صادرات و عملکرد عینی صادرات نقش میانجی دارد. همچنین در انتها مدل پیشنهادی با استفاده از نتایج برازش مدل کلی ارائه میشود.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163805_0c46b0ac6dc0675d28546361ab4e4057.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222An optimal model for the sustainable development of Iran's iron and steel industryمدل توسعه پایدار صنعت آهن و فولاد ایران28730513060710.22034/smsj.2022.130607FAهمادرودیدانشیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.0000-0003-1012-3365کریمرستمی زادهدانشجوی دکتری تخصصی مدیریت صنعتی، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،زنجان، ایران.علیمحمدیاستادیار، گروه حسابداری، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.Journal Article20201217
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Sustainable development is a new field that deals with socio-cultural policies and mechanisms, economic prosperity<strong>,</strong>trade and industry, protection of the environment and coexistence with nature, and attention to equal human rights in the domestic and international arenas. The purpose of this paper is to provide a favorable model for the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry using Grounded data approach.
<strong>Methodology: </strong> This research was conducted using a mixed method. In the qualitative phase, using the Grounded data technique, a model for sustainable development for the steel industry was designed and presented. In a quantitative phase, the structural equation technique was used to analyze the data and explain the relationship between the components. In collecting information, two library methods such as reading and reviewing books, articles, seminars, conferences were used to extract concepts. In the interview section, most of the concepts have been extracted, relying on university professors and industry experts.
<strong> </strong><strong>Results and Discussion: </strong>The components of the extracted concept diagram include: supply of raw materials, development projects, integrated materials management, energy, market, economic and political conditions of the country and human resources - education, finance, logistics, technology, macro-industry, community and environment - health.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, one of the important ways to achieve sustainable development, effective management and support of this industry in the country, management of supply of raw materials and strategic materials, environmental protection, the importance of employment and optimal use of resources.توسعه پایدار عرصه نوینی است که به سیاست و سازوکارهای اجتماعی- فرهنگی، رونق اقتصاد، تجارت و صنعت، حمایت از محیط زیست و همزیستی با طبیعت، توجه به حقوق برابر انسانها در عرصههای داخلی و بین المللی به طور همزمان میپردازد. هدف این مقاله ارائه مدلی مطلوب جهت توسعه پایدار صنعت آهن و فولاد است. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش آمیخته صورت گرفته است. در بُعد کیفی با استفاده از روش دادهبنیاد، مدلی جهت توسعه پایدار برای صنعت فولاد طراحی و ارائه شده است. در بُعد کمی نیز از روش معادلات ساختاری جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها و تبیین ارتباط مؤلفههای مورد نظر، استفاده شده است. در جمعآوری دادهها از دو روش کتابخانهای مانند مطالعه و بررسی کتب، مقالات، سمینارها، کنفرانسها جهت استخراج مفاهیم استفاده شده است. در بخش مصاحبه، عمده مفاهیم با اتکا به اساتید دانشگاه و خبرگان صنعت استخراج شدهاند. مؤلفههای نمودار مفهومی استخراج شده شامل: تامین مواد اولیه، پروژههای توسعه، مدیریت یکپارچه مواد، انرژی، بازار، شرایط اقتصادی سیاسی کشور و منابع انسانی- آموزش، مالی، پشتیبانی، فناوری، مدیریت کلان صنعت، جامعه و محیط زیست و بهداشت میباشد. لذا از راههای مهم دستیابی به توسعه پایدار، مدیریت و پشتیبانی مؤثر این صنعت در سطح کلان کشور، مدیریت تامین مواد اولیه و مواد استراتژیک، محافظت از محیط زیست، اهمیت به اشتغال و استفاده بهینه از منابع است.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_130607_c9fbfd843abbbdc3774d79b731a86a7f.pdfانجمن مدیریت راهبردی ایرانفصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی2228-6853135220221222Impact of capital adequate index on banks' efficiency and riskتاثیر شاخص کفایت سرمایه بر میزان کارایی و ریسکپذیری بانکها30732716379810.22034/smsj.2022.163798FAسمیهناصرزادهدانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایراناصغرابوالحسنیاستاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایرانبیتاشایگانیدانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایرانسمیرامتقیاستادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایرانJournal Article20210721<strong> Introduction:</strong> Islamic banking is an emerging research in the field of banking studies. Studies can be further expanded due to the lack of extensive research in this area. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of capital adequacy index on the efficiency and risk-taking of Islamic and conventional banks for 51 Islamic and conventional banks in the period 2012-2017.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The present article intends to evaluate the effect of capital adequacy on the efficiency and risk-taking of Islamic and conventional banks with an analytical-descriptive approach and examines the role of various indicators in this analysis. The method used in this The research is to provide a model of the quantum method and the software used by Eviews. This study also examined data related to 51 Islamic and conventional banks in 8 countries in the period 2012-2017.<br /><strong>Results and Discussion: </strong> A major part of literature includes a comparative study of Islamic banking and its conventional counterparts based on their performance and the subject matter of their legislation. Islamic banking and finance have emerged as an attractive field in academic research over the past decade. Islamic countries are among the developing and less developed countries of the global economic community. With financial assets valued at approximately $ 1.8 trillion worldwide, Islamic banking and finance have led to friction between Islamic and non-Islamic financial markets over the past decade. The growing severity of the recurring financial crises seen in the recent financial crises of 2008-2007 has put a lot of pressure on the conventional financial system and put it back under the microscope. While some have turned their attention to methods and tools for resolving instability in an interest-based system, others are looking for alternative financial systems. In this regard, the Islamic financial system seems to offer a promising path to future financial resilience and stability. So far, however, this view has largely been published mainly in professional circles and has recently become the subject of academic research. Islamic financial institutions act as major hubs in about 75 countries, mainly in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Bahrain and Malaysia. Islamic financial products have grown rapidly in recent decades in competition with the conventional financial industry in both Muslim and Muslim minority countries. As a non-competitive industry, the Islamic financial industry is becoming a market that can compete in many countries. The growth of Islamic financial services has attracted a great deal of attention from around the world, with nearly 25 percent of Islamic financial institutions operating in non-Muslim countries; At the same time, the conventional banking system has begun to open the windows of Islamic banking around the world, primarily in Europe and North America. The results of this study showed that in the conventional banking group, the capital adequacy index had a positive and significant effect on efficiency. According to other results, in the Islamic banking group, the capital adequacy index has a negative and significant effect on banking efficiency.
<strong> Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study show that in the group of conventional banks, efficiency also increases with increasing capital adequacy. The results of the studied quantiles also show that in high quantities (rates) of efficiency, the effect of capital adequacy on efficiency increases. In other words, with increasing the level of efficiency, the effect of capital adequacy on efficiency also increases. Also, the estimation results for the Islamic banking group show that the capital adequacy index has a negative and significant effect on banking efficiency, but at high efficiency rates, the negative impact of the capital adequacy index on banking efficiency has decreased. In other words, with the increase in the efficiency of Islamic banks, the negative effects of capital adequacy have decreased. Also, the results of estimating the risk model for Islamic banks show that the model has a width of origin with a positive sign; Banking variables including net loan to total assets ratio, capital adequacy and total assets, have a negative and significant relationship with the risk of Islamic banks and also the results of risk model estimation for conventional banks show that the model has a width of origin. With a positive sign; Banking variables including net loan to total assets ratio, capital adequacy and total assets, have a negative and significant relationship with the risk of Islamic banks.تأکید بر اجرای الزامات سرمایهای هم با استفاده از فشارهای قانونی و هم نیروی بازار به منظور افزایش توان بانکها در مواقع بحران و نیز ابزاری برای کاهش ریسک بانکها، هدف اصلی قانونگذاران حوزه بانکی است. از سویی نقش بانکها به عنوان واسطههای پولی، در فعالیتهای اقتصادی بر کسی پوشیده نیست. طی دو دهه گذشته صنعت بانکداری در سرتاسر جهان دستخوش تغییرات گستردهای گردیده است و نیز عوامل داخلی و خارجی بر ساختار، کارایی و عملکرد تمامی بانکها تاثیرات زیادی داشته است. در این تحقیق تلاش میشود تا تاثیر شاخص کفایت سرمایه بر میزان کارایی و ریسکپذیری بانکهای اسلامی و متعارف با استفاده از روش کوانتایل برای 51 بانک اسلامی و متعارف در دوره زمانی 2012-2017 مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج این بررسی نشان میدهد که در گروه بانکهای متعارف، با افزایش کفایت سرمایه، کارایی نیز افزایش مییابد. همچنین نتایج چندکهای مورد بررسی نشان میدهد که در چندکهای بالای کارایی، تاثیر کفایت سرمایه بر کارایی افزایش مییابد. به عبارتی با افزایش سطح کارایی، تاثیر کفایت سرمایه بر کارایی نیز افزایش مییابد. همچنین نتایج برآورد برای گروه بانکی اسلامی نیز نشان میدهد که شاخص کفایت سرمایه تاثیر منفی و معناداری بر کارایی بانکی داشته است، اما در نرخهای بالای کارایی، تاثیر منفی شاخص کفایت سرمایه بر کارایی بانکی کاهش یافته است. به عبارتی با افزایش کارایی بانکهای اسلامی، تاثیرات منفی کفایت سرمایه نیز کاهش یافته است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل ریسک برای بانکهای اسلامی نشان میدهد که مدل دارای عرض از مبدا با علامت مثبت است؛ متغیرهای بانکی شامل نسبت خالص وام به دارایی کل، کفایت سرمایه و دارایی کل، رابطه منفی و معناداری با ریسک بانکهای اسلامی دارند و نیز نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل ریسک برای بانکهای متعارف نشان میدهد که مدل دارای عرض از مبدا با علامت مثبت است؛ متغیرهای بانکی شامل نسبت خالص وام به دارایی کل، کفایت سرمایه و دارایی کل، رابطه منفی و معناداری با ریسک بانکهای اسلامی دارند.https://www.smsjournal.ir/article_163798_0ff3ff9a2e7015c82f41ce154a0444fd.pdf